The Concept of Shrimp Farming Development - Part 02

As described in Section 01, essentially of the shrimp farming development is influenced by four main factors, namely: waters, land, shrimp culture technologies, and human resources which each represents a unity that can not be separated.

Waters factor is a necessary aspect in creating a habitat for shrimps in a pond within balanced ecosystem which approximates their natural habitat. Used source waters in a cultivation activity process is sea water which is still maintained its carrying capacity in terms of physical, biological, chemical and ecological. Waters factor is closely with land factor, because during the process of shrimp culture activities, pond productivity is largely determined by the condition of water in a pond and base land condition

Water condition is a growing medium for shrimps that are kept, while the lanf is a provider of nutrients and metabolism decomposition results place both shrimp and microorganisms. For the cultivation with low stocking density and rely on natural food, soil fertility is an important factor for growth of natural food, while for high density cultivation by which rely on food from outside, this fertility factor becomes less important. In addition to fertility, the content of toxic substances is a factor that needs to be identified, because these substances were dangerous for shrimp life.

Shrimp farming which basically is to create an artificial environment that match with shrimp natural habitat, it's can not be separated from use of farming technology in shrimp culture activities to initiate the process towards a profitable production. Technically, the cultivation process includes:

1. Fry density land preparation.
2. Management of waters quality;
3. Management quality and growth of fry and shrimp;
4. Management and program of feeding;
5. Patterns of problem solving of shrimp culture;
6. Harvesting pattern. and
7. Management of post-harvest cultivation

Application of cultivation technology need supported by an existence of adequate facilities and infrastructure so there are not to cause real problems for shrimp culture activities. Supported facilities, among other:

1. Cultivation facilities, including materials and tools (paddle wheel, water pump, ancho, spiral hose, ladle, nets, scales, etc.), and shrimp culture facilities (fertilizer, saponin, chlorine, medicines, etc.);
2. Electrical and its network facilities;
3. Harvest result handling facilities (ice plant, cold storage);
4. Transportation facilities (land, waters) inside or outside the shrimp farming area;;
5. Supplying of fuel facilities;
6. Clean water facilities, and
7. Social facilities

Another factor that also important in the shrimp farming development is the human factor which consists of capital owners and perpetrator of shrimp culture synergized with each other that lead to the 'satisfaction oriented' from shrimp culture activities results. Of course, the capital owners have an expectation that the shrimp farming development can guarantee investment turnover safely and comfortably, while the cultivating actors very influential on success level of the shrimp culture activities process into a profitable direction. The ability of this human factor in terms of both financial and sufficient cultivation technological mastery will affect the activities of the sustainable development of shrimp farming.

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