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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with abnormally high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) as its most prominent feature. During intestinal digestion, carbohydrates and protein are broken down into simple sugars and amino acids, respectively. The liver converts all of the sugars and some of the amino acids into glucose, simple sugar that is used for energy by every cell in the body. Glucose passes from the bloodstream into the cells with the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas (a pear-shaped organ located just below the stomach). By attaching to receptor sites on the surface membrane of a cell, insulin promotes the movement of glucose transport proteins from the interior of the cell to its surface, where they bind with glucose and carry it into the cell. In diabetes mellitus, several problems may interfere with this process: pancreatic insulin production may be partially or completely impaired, or body cells may become unable to respond to normal amounts of insulin efficiently.
These underlying problems in fact distinguish the two main types of the diabetes. In type 1 diabetes mellitus. Also known as juvenile diabetes, the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes develops suddenly and most commonly affects those under age 30; the average age onset is between 12 and 14. However, type 1 diabetes accounts for only about 5 percent of cases of diabetes mellitus. In the much more common type 2 diabetes mellitus, also known as adult onset diabetes, insulin production by the pancreas is only moderately reduced, but cells are unable to respond efficiently to insulin-a condition referred to as insulin resistance. The onset of type 2 diabetes is usually gradual and tends to affect people over age 40, particularly those who are overweight. Infrequently, and adult may develop type 1 diabetes.
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the hyperglycemia leads to excretion of glucose in the urine and an accompanying increase in urine production. If inadequate amounts of insulin are administered to patients with type 1 diabetes, unrestrained release of fatty acids from adipose (fat) tissue leads to the overproduction of ketone bodies in the liver. Accumulation of ketone bodies can cause a life threatening condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA may occasionally affect those with type 2 diabetes in periods when the body is highly stressed, for example during a severe infection.
Continued in Diabetes - Prevention And Cure part 2 just click the link below:
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