Hijamat (cupping): definition, aim and historical background
Definition
Cupping in Arabic is known as "Hijamah" it is a special technique of evacuation used in the treatment of certain lethal diseases. A treatment done by producing partial vacuum in the cup glasses placed on the body surface by heat or suction, in order to evacuate morbid material or to divert the material from the deeper tissues or diseased part.
Aim
- It helps in moving the morbid material from the affected place that is called imala-e mavaad.
- Eliminate the morbid material from the affected side by letting down the sufficient quantity of akhlaat, known as tanqiya-e mawad there by relieving pain and inflammation
- Stimulates the organs and increases local blood circulation and carries away the morbid material responsible for disease that is known as imal-e mawad.
Historical back ground of cupping
The earliest use of cupping that is recorded is from the famous Taoist alchemist and herbalist, Ge Hong (281-341 A.D.) The method was described in his book ‘ A Hand book of Prescriptions for Emergencies" in which the cups were actually animal horns, used for drainig pustules. As a result of using horns, cupping has been known as jiaofa, or the horn technique. In a tang dynasty book, Necessities of a Frontier Official" Cupping was prescribed for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. More recently, Zhao Xuemin, during the Qing dynasty, wrote Supplement to Outline of Materia Medica, including an entre chapter on "fire jar qi" (huoquan qi) in it, he emphasized the value of this treatment, using cups made of bamboo or pottery, in alleviating headache of wind-cold type, bi syndrome of wind origin, dizziness, and abdominal pain. The cups could be placed over acupuncture needles for these treatments. One of the traditional indications for cupping is dispelling cold in the channels. This indication is partly the result of applying hot cups. For example, bamboo cups would be boiled in an herbal decoction just prior to applying to the skin. Both liquid cupping and cupping over an acupuncture needle are favored for treatment of arthralgia. Cupping also is thought to dispel cold by virtue of its ability to release external pathogenic factors, including invasion of wind, damp, and cold.
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hijamat cupping
The earliest use of cupping that is recorded is from the famous Taoist alchemist and herbalist, Ge Hong (281-341 A.D.) The method was described in his book ‘ A Hand book of Prescriptions for Emergencies" in which the cups were actually animal horns, used for drainig pustules.
In todays scientific era unani system of medicine playing an essential part in day to day practice, where modern system facing failures. The Unani system of medicine is based on a humoral medicinal system. It presents causes, explanations and treatments of diseases based on the balance and imbalance of the four humors (Akhlaat) in the body.
Leech therapy is also called Taleeq,Hirudotherapy,Phlebotomize,Irsalaq.Records indicate that Egyptians used leech therapy 3,500 year ago. Leech therapy is a treatment using in unani medicine to relieve inflammation, to correct "Imbalance of the four humours"to encourage regrowth of blood vessels after surgery of delicate area such as a mucous membranes.there are evidences that leeches were used all over the world since the stone age .leech therapy were very popular durings the middle ages.
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