Philip of Macedon invades Greece - 338 BC
Lying between Thrace and Thessaly was the small kingdom of Macedon. It was peopled by tough mountaineers who were very independent but, as a nation, Macedonia was little regarded by its neighbours, the more powerful Greek states.
Philip II, King of Macedon (382—336 BC), however, was to make them change their minds. He was a brilliant diplomat and strategist and managed to weld his independent warriors into a disciplined army. In a style new to warfare, he armed them with four metre-long pikes and drilled them in an equally new tactic of warfare — the phalanx. His foot soldiers held the enemy at bay with their long pikes, leaving the Macedonian cavalry free to charge at the enemy's weakest point.
The Greek states of Athens and Thebes joined together to fight him, meeting at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC where Philip scored a great victory, which opened the frontiers of Greece to his army.
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