Aerial Photography - What type of aircraft to use

Aerial photography is as challenging as it gets for the professional photographer. Many decisions need to be made to get spectacular results, everything from type of aircraft to subject matter and time of day. Teamwork is also required as the photographer and pilot have to communicate well in order for the photographer to get the desired images. This article covers aerial photography platforms with a small amount of photography technical information. Part 2 will cover the technical and artistic side of aerial work.

While aerial photography has been accomplished with everything from hot air balloons to space shuttles for most of us we are a little limited in the resources we have available. I have used helicopters, fixed wing aircraft and ultralights for my work and I'll cover these in a little more detail in my personal order of preference.

Helicopters:

Aerial photography from helicopters is likely the easiest platform to work from under most circumstances. When used specifically for photography most pilots will allow the removal of a door leaving a large workable shooting area available. This can be very advantages as you can literally pan the camera to keep the subject within the frame while still travelling in a straight forward direction. Helicopters also have very impressive turning characteristics so you will find that there is far less lost time as you circle back to shoot from a different altitude or angle.

There are a few downsides to shooting from helicopters however. Firstly is the big expense, easily $500 per hour or so for a Robinson R22 to $1,500 or more for a large jet. It's very impressive how much you can shoot in a few hours but the credit card can take a big hit after you land. Do you need a jet helicopter for most uses? I have used both the smaller Robinson's and large jet helicopters and have had very good results with both. Some will argue that the bigger helicopters are a little safer but I'll leave that up to the experts. Jet helicopters are significantly faster so if you are travelling large distances they can have an advantage. Secondly, vibrations can be an issue depending on a number of factors. My experience has been that a good pilot can often hit a "sweet spot" where the helicopter settles into a somewhat smooth forward motion. This generally is not while you hover, forward movement plays a part.

Helicopter photography from a technical standpoint can be both a challenge and an exhilarating experience. If you can't remove the doors wear dark clothing and make sure to have a lens shade installed. Most of the windows are Plexiglas and tend to have scratches so you will probably want to shoot fairly wide open to limit the depth of field. Window tint might also be a problem although this can generally be cleaned up in Photoshop or some other editor. I recommend shooting RAW for this reason. Whatever you do, do not place any part of your body or camera against the sides of the helicopter as the vibration will transfer over to the camera and cause unsharp images. Life is easier without doors but be aware of the turbulence if you lean out a little too far. The buffeting can be quite strong. All gear and other equipment needs to be securely fastened to your body or a harness, you don't want to think about what might happen if you drop a lens or camera out the door! I go as far as taping the lens hood to the lens as a safety precaution as I'm sure the tail rotors  would make quick work of a lost lens shade, possibly with bad consequences. If at all possible use a few different cameras so you can keep changing lenses and memory cards down to a minimum.

I try to keep my shutter speeds around 1/1000 or faster if at all possible but have had reasonable success around 1/500. If this means increasing the ISO as the light fades I do this in preference to having somewhat blurred images. This should allow for an aperture of about f5.6 in most circumstances although as the light fades you might be looking at f2.8 or so, a good reason to have fast lenses.

Ultralight:

I first did aerial photography from an ultralight in Costa Rica a few years back. I must admit I really didn't know what to expect as all my previous aerial photography had been done from helicopters up to that point. I expected a large amount of vibration and bad wind buffeting but was in for a shock. Ultralights are actually an amazing aerial photography platform under the right conditions which is when you tend to fly them anyway. They do get tossed around a little bit but generally the vibrations are not as bad as helicopters. While they aren't as maneuverable as helicopters they are better than fixed wing aircraft. Possibly the only downsides are, they are somewhat slow and you have to feel comfortable in them as they are very bare bones and seat of the pants!

Fixed wing aircraft:

Likely the bulk of aerial photography is done with fixed wing aircraft. While not as maneuverable as helicopters they are still very competent shooting platforms under the right conditions. Try to get an airplane with a high wing like the Cessna 172 Skyhawk to get the best view. The low winged aircraft really limit the view below! Even with high wings the wing strut will probably be in the way, it's just not generally located in a good position for photography. I'm sure some people fly with the doors off but in general you will be flying either shooting through a small opening window or through the glass. Either way, positioning of the aircraft is very critical to line up the image so a good pilot preferably with experience working with photographers is a must. What's the biggest advantage of a fixed wing platform? Cost! Likely 1/4 or less of what the helicopter will cost.

Getting organized:

Flying in circles looking for photographs could be very exciting and entertaining until you land and find out how much money you spent without really accomplishing anything. Do your research beforehand and get a good idea about what you want to photograph and how you will accomplish it. What side of the aircraft will you be shooting from? What altitude or different altitudes are required? When will the light be the best? Often you will find that one flight will not produce all of the required images due to some of these decisions and a second or third flight might be required.

Once you have done your homework it's time to find your aircraft. What's your budget is likely the biggest decision here as well as what type of aircraft are available? Hire a good pilot, preferably one that has experience working with photographers! Pilots do vary and some are better at others when it comes to understanding the requirements of aerial photography. Go over a flight plan and stick with it. The most important part of the shoot is the pilot calls the shots and has the final say in what will be done. They know the regulations, safety issues and the bottom line; they are responsible for you, the aircraft and the people on the ground!

Happy shooting!