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I INTRODUCTION
Political Science, the systematic study of and reflection upon politics. Politics usually describes the processes by which people and institutions exercise and resist power. Political processes are used to formulate policies, influence individuals and institutions, and organize societies.
Many political scientists study how governments use politics. But political scientists also study politics in other contexts, such as how politics affects the economy, how ordinary people think and act in relation to politics, and how politics influences organizations outside of government. The emphasis upon government and power distinguishes political science from other social sciences, although political scientists share an interest with economists in studying relations between the government and economy, and with sociologists in considering relations between social structures in general and political structures in particular. Political scientists attempt to explain and understand recurrent patterns in politics rather than specific political events.
II THE IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political science is important because politics is important. During the 20th century, tens of millions of people were murdered by regimes devoted to particular political ideologies. All peoples’ lives are affected in many ways by what governments do or choose not to do, and by the power structures that exist in society.
The specific ideas of political scientists are only occasionally implemented by policy makers. Political scientists usually influence the world in more indirect ways: by educating citizens and political leaders, by contributing to debates on political issues, and by encouraging different ways of looking at the world. The study of political science is motivated by the need to understand the sources and consequences of political stability and revolution, of repression and liberty, of equality and inequality, of war and peace, of democracy and dictatorship. The study of political science suggests that the world of politics is complex and cannot be reorganized by simple ideological schemes without unintended consequences.
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POLITICS, MAJOR ISSUE OF TODAY'S WORLD
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 28/07/2009 | Article MarketingPolitical Science, the systematic study of and reflection upon politics. Politics usually describes the processes by which people and institutions exercise and resist power. Political processes are used to formulate policies, influence individuals and institutions, and organize societies.
MUGHAL EMPIRE, a great government of subcontinent
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 04/07/2009 | ReligionMughal Empire, Indian empire that ruled the subcontinent for more than 300 years from 1526 to 1858, except for a brief period under the Sur sultans (1540-1555). During its reign, the empire flourished for about 150 years from 1556 to 1707 under Akbar and his immediate successors, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb.
CIVIL RIGHTS
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 18/06/2009 | WritingCivil Rights and Civil Liberties, political and social concepts referring to guarantees of freedom, justice, and equality that a state may make to its citizens. Although the terms have no precise meaning in law and are sometimes used interchangeably, distinctions may be made.
FREEDOM, a wish of every slave
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 18/06/2009 | FlightsLiberty (freedom), right of individuals to act as they choose. In this sense, it is frequently called individual liberty. The term is also employed in connection with the achievement of sovereignty by a people; when so used, it is called national liberty. Although in these traditional senses liberty may be specifically civil or political, the modern concept further connotes a generalized body of rights, such as the right to economic opportunity and education.
SOME MODERN PROBLEMS
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 14/06/2009 | Vacation RentalsSince these revolutions, the principal problem with respect to national liberty has arisen in connection with the struggles of small states and colonial areas to be free from foreign political or economic control and to achieve full sovereignty. Closely related to this problem has been that arising from the efforts of national or racial minorities, such as the French residents of Québec, Canada, to win political and cultural autonomy within a country.
DEMOCRACY
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 14/06/2009 | PublishingDemocracy (Greek demos,”the people”; kratein, “to rule”), political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. In modern democracies, supreme authority is exercised for the most part by representatives elected by popular suffrage. The representatives may be supplanted by the electorate according to the legal procedures of recall and referendum, and they are, at least in principle, responsible to the electorate. In many democracies, such
TARRORISM AND ITS CAUSES
By: Mian Afaq Tariq | 12/06/2009 | Public SpeakingTerrorism, the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear for bringing about political change. All terrorist acts involve violence or—equally important—the threat of violence. These violent acts are committed by nongovernmental groups or individuals—that is, by those who are neither part of nor officially serving in the military forces, law enforcement agencies, intelligence services, or other governmental agencies of an established nation-state.