Alireza Sadeghi Ghadi

The uniqueness of metaphors appears to be the one thing translation theorists can agree upon, and it seems a bit conceited to maintain that translating a phenomenon held to be so exceptional represents no challenge at all, and can be done by a simple word-for-word rendition.

There are some implications of a cognitive approach to metaphors for translation theory and practice. Illustrations from authentic source and target texts (English and Persian , political discourse) show how translators handled metaphorical expressions, and what effects this had for the text itself, for text reception by the addressees, and for subsequent discursive developments.

Metaphor has been widely discussed within the discipline of Translation Studies, predominantly with respect to translatability and transfer methods. It has been argued that metaphors can become a translation problem, since transferring them from one language and culture to another one may be hampered by linguistic and cultural differences.

General translation/interpretation is just what you think - the translation or interpretation of non-specific language that does not require any specialized vocabulary or knowledge. However, the best translators and interpreters read extensively in order to be up-to-date with current events and trends so that they are able to do their work to the best of their ability, having knowledge of what they might be asked to convert.

The purposes of translation are so diverse, the texts so different, and the receptors so varied that one can readily understand how and why many distinct formulations of principles and practices of translation have been proposed. All who have written seriously on translating agree that translators should know both the source and the receptor languages, should be familiar with the subject matter, and should have some facility of expression in the receptor language.

Language varies depending not only on the individual speaker but also on the specific situation in which speakers find themselves. This means that the language used in a given social environment may be perfectly translatable into a different language, but the society to which this other language belongs may not recognize the situation described by the first language.

Translation often talks about finding the voice of nations. This voice is difficult to pin down, but normally refers to the cultural, ethical, social circumstances and characteristics of a nation. Translation as a unit of communication is a vehicle for the expression of conventionalized goals and functions.

The volume of translation carried out worldwide has increased dramatically in the last fifty five years. Translation and globalization deals with some of the complex political, cultural, philosophical, economic, social, artistic and psychological consequences of translation in the global age.

Translation is a bridge that has huge effect between nations on everyday life and draws on a wide range of languages, including Persian, German, Russian, Arabic, French, Spanish and English.

Translation plays important role in our era. No body can ignore the vital role of it in technology, science, culture, folklore and tradition, humanity and so on. By translation we will acquire necessary information, different experiences, different skills of different people who live around the world with different races, culture, languages.