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 Blood Supply and DiseasesWhile blood supply refers to the blood resources in blood banks and hospitals that are available for use by the health care community, blood banks are institutions that store blood to be distributed to local hospitals and medical centers. Donation of blood by volunteers is critical in maintaining the supply of blood in blood banks and it is important to know that a blood donor cannot transmit AIDS or any other disease by donating blood. Blood Supply and DiseasesWhile blood supply refers to the blood resources in blood banks and hospitals that are available for use by the health care community, blood banks are institutions that store blood to be distributed to local hospitals and medical centers. Donation of blood by volunteers is critical in maintaining the supply of blood in blood banks and it is important to know that a blood donor cannot transmit AIDS or any other disease by donating blood. Human Need for Amino AcidsThough only about 20 amino acids are common in humans and animals, all the millions of different proteins in living things are formed by the bonding of these amino acids. While twelve of these amino acids, called non-essential amino acids, can be made within the body, the other eight, called the essential amino acids, cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Characteristics and Important Uses of Carbon Dioxide and Dry IceWhile carbon dioxide is an inorganic gaseous carbon compound that has been identified as an environmental culprit in spite of the fact that its users and not the gas itself is to be blamed for consequences of its increased concentration, dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide which has very many useful properties in spite of its offensive nature in certain respects. Links between Redox Reactions and CancerIn biological systems the oxidation-reduction reactions are frequently called redox reactions. While oxygen is essential to our survival, too much of it in the body becomes harmful to healthy tissues. One way to protect healthy tissue from the ravages of oxidation caused by active oxygen is to provide free electrons to active oxygen radicals in the form of antioxidants. Understanding Coal and PetroleumWhile coal has formed by the action of heat and pressure on the remains of trees and plants on land over millions of years, oil and natural gas have formed by the action of heat and pressure on the remains of sea plants and animals over millions of years. Collectively they are called fossil fuels because they are buried underground. Fossil fuels are a finite resource and non-renewable source of energy. Acid - Base IndicatorsAn indicator is a large organic molecule that works somewhat like a “color dye". Whereas most dyes do not change color with the amount of acid or base present, there are many molecules, known as acid - base indicators, which do respond to a change in the hydrogen ion concentration. Acid and Base StrengthAcids and bases are encountered frequently both in chemistry and in everyday living. They have opposite properties and have the ability to cancel or neutralize each other. Acids and bases are carefully regulated in the body by the lungs, blood, and kidneys through equilibrium processes. Mixtures and SolutionsA mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically united and do not exist in fixed proportions to each other. Most natural substances are mixtures. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. At least two substances must be mixed in order to have a solution. Temperature and Pressure Effects on SolubilityA solution is a mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. At least two substances must be mixed in order to have a solution. The substance in the smallest amount and the one that dissolves or disperses is called the Solute and the substance in the larger amount is called the Solvent. In most common instances water is the solvent and the gases, liquids, or solids dissolved in water are the solutes.
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