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Dr.Kedar Karki - ArticlesSenior Vet.Officer,Central Veterinary Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal M.V.St. Preventive Veterinary Mrdicine
MYCOTOXINS – NEW CHALLENGE FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL’S HEALTHMycotoxins are the toxic chemicals produced by fungi for a variety of reasons. The word mycotoxin had been derived from Greek mykes, mukos as "fungus" and from Latin toxicum as "poison" is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by an organism of the fungus kingdom, including mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Clinical laboratory investigation of Moldy rice straw poisoning in cattle in Kathmandu ValleySamples of rice straw, feed and tissue samples of rumen,reticulum,liver revealed the growth of fungus species penicillum and when rest of animals in herds were treated with Anti Deg Nala liquor the general health of rest of animal still feeding the rice straw and same sources of feed improved and mortality checked. Swine H1N1 Flu:2009Swine flu , now known as the 2009 H1N1 flu, is caused by the orthomyxovirus which usually affects pigs but viral mutations allows the virus to cross species to other hosts like humans. The swine influenza virus (SIV) is another example of cross species viral infection which was previously seen with other Zoonotic infections like in civets to humans SARS or Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome and from birds to humans as seen with avian (bird) flu. Swine H1N1 Flu:2009Swine flu , now known as the 2009 H1N1 flu, is caused by the orthomyxovirus which usually affects pigs but viral mutations allows the virus to cross species to other hosts like humans. The swine influenza virus (SIV) is another example of cross species viral infection which was previously seen with other Zoonotic infections like in civets to humans SARS or Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome and from birds to humans as seen with avian (bird) flu. Prevention of Spread of Swine FluThis is not the first time the world is threatened by swine flu. Swine flu, which is also referred to as pigfluenza, hog flu, pig flu, or swine influenza, typically affects pigs only. In 1918, an H1N1 virus caused flu pandemic in humans. Scientists speculated that H1N1 was created either when human influenza virus crossed specie boundary and affected pigs, or the other way around. H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Scares the People?Since we have heard in the news, there has been an outbreak of swine flu in Mexico and the United States. There is a possibility that this situation might develop into a pandemic if the virus continues to spread around the globe. The news media report excessively about this threat, and while health officials urge people to stay calm, there is an increased level of anxiety in the population. H1N1 pandemic; media outlets still using ‘Swine flu’The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that they have raised the level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6. Some serious misunderstandings around the safety of pork exist due to the initial unfortunate naming of H1N1 Influenza A as swine flu. Influenza viruses do not affect the safety of pork or pork products. Spread the message of swine flu to everyoneThe 2009 swine flu outbreak is a pandemic of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 identified in April 2009. It is thought to be a mutation—more specifically, a reassortment—of four known strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1: one endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs (swine). Rabbit Husbandry, Nutrition, and General CareRabbits are lagomorphs, not rodents, and are closely related to hares and picas. A distinguishing difference between lagomorphs and rodents is the number of incisors each has. Rodents have four incisors and lagomorphs have six.
Domestic rabbits are the descendants of the European rabbit from Western Europe and Northwestern Africa and have been kept as pets since the 16th century. Rabbit Husbandry, Nutrition, and General CareRabbits are lagomorphs, not rodents, and are closely related to hares and picas. A distinguishing difference between lagomorphs and rodents is the number of incisors each has. Rodents have four incisors and lagomorphs have six.
Domestic rabbits are the descendants of the European rabbit from Western Europe and Northwestern Africa and have been kept as pets since the 16th century.
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