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Jonathan Blood Smyth is a Superintendent Physiotherapist at an NHS Hospital in the South-West of the UK. With over 15 years experience of managing orthopaedic conditions and looking after joint replacements, he specializes in managing chronic pain. Visit his site if you are looking for Physiotherapists in London or throughout the UK.
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 The Wrist JointThe wrist has a large, three hundred and sixty degree cone of movement facing frontwards at the end of the arm, a result of the close arrangement of the small carpal bones. Group movements or individual ones between the bones can occur and this allows accurate control of the hand, thumb and fingers. The Knee Joint-Part 4The menisci (often called cartilages) and the chief joint surfaces of the knee can be made more susceptible to injury and damage if knee control is not good enough to avert unexpected joint movements. The Knee Joint-Part 3The changes which occur as the knee becomes worrying and develops pain are often due to injury of some kind, perhaps slight. Swelling can occur in the joint after even a minor injury and even a small quantity of fluid in the joint can lead to intricate side effects within the knee. The Knee Joint-Part 2The locking location close to full extension of the knee is a small internal movement of the joint concerning an inward twisting of the thigh bone, a small joint motion but vital to knee function and illustrating the knee is much more than a standard hinge. The Knee JointThe knee joint is a pivot joint as is the elbow but has a intricate hinging action. At the end of the thigh bone is the lengthened area known as the femoral condyles, with a similar area on the higher part of the shin bone (the condyles of the tibia), making up the knee. The Human Hip-Part 3In the last article we touched on the significance of leg length difference on the purpose of the hip and the back. The longer leg will tend to bend somewhat at the hip and knee to even up the level of the head and the eyes, meaning that the hip does not go into full extension at the back of every step. The Human Hip-Part 2Accessory movements are the small gliding and sliding movements which take place inside a joint throughout normal movement but which cannot be performed in isolation by a person. They are vital to the function of a joint and if lost can hinder the ability to perform movements or can add to painful conditions. The Hip JointThe trunk and the legs are connected mechanically at the large ball and socket joints of the hips. The acetabulum, the large rounded and deep hip socket with a cartilage rim, neatly covers the similarly shaped femoral head, the ball at the top of the thigh bone. This is a stable joint with deep structure and strong stabilisers. The Elbow Joint-Part 2The large majority of the bodys joints, including the elbow, are capable of producing what are known as accessory movements, small sliding and gliding movements occurring inside a joint which a person cannot perform on their own. The Elbow JointThe elbow is the central joint of the arm and divides it up into two convenient halves, looking initially merely like a backwards and forwards hinge. On closer examination the elbow shows itself to be a remarkably clever and multi-talented joint.
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