Teen Driving - The Worst States
Even though teens are at higher risk of injury or death in motor vehicle collisions than nearly every single other age group no matter what component of the country they're in, where teens live can also have an impact on their risk, according to separate studies conducted by Allstate Insurance Organization and Reader's Digest. Motor vehicle crashes are the number one killer of American teens, and each year, according to the National Highway Visitors Safety Administration (NHTSA), additional than 5,000 men and women aged 16-20 are killed in passenger vehicle crashes.
The Allstate study used federal crash statistics, company claims data on teen motor vehicle crashes, and statistics from the US Census Bureau to list the ten most dangerous cities from the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The results revealed that the most risky cities for teens are located in the South, with the top 3 in Florida. Of the top 50 cities in the country for teen fatality crashes, Tampa/St. Petersburg/Clearwater, Orlando/Kissimmee, and Jacksonville rank number 1, two and three, respectively.
The Reader's Digest study uses a distinct classification approach, ranking all 50 states based on existing Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL), safety belt, and Driving Under the Influence (DUI) laws. The report listed Alaska, California and Delaware as the top 3, and North Dakota, Mississippi and Arkansas as three of the worst. Florida is categorized as "Fair," the next-to-lowest ranking. Interestingly, California cities also scored high in the Allstate study: Numbers one, two and four had been San Francisco/Oakland, San Jose, and Los Angeles.
Factors that contribute to teen motor vehicle crashes contain:
- Speeding/driving too quick for conditions
- Driver distraction, such as cell phone use and dealing with passengers
- Inexperience
- Driving at night
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (including prescription and over-the-counter drugs)
Teens also normally neglect to wear their seat belts, increasing the risk of serious injury or death in a crash. An observational study by the Utah Department of Well being found that the teen seat belt use rate falls when other high-risk factors are present, such as when teens drive under the influence of alcohol, drive at night, have multiple teen passengers, or are driving without a driver's license.
The risk elements listed above, which includes seat belt requirements, are addressed by GDL laws in several states. GDL laws set standards that underage drivers need to meet just before proceeding from one stage of licensure to the next. In the 1980s, 90% of high schools taught driver's education; in 2009, only 20% do. This means that teens get the majority of their driver education from their parents and are subject only to state requirements when becoming licensed, making GDL laws of ever-growing importance in lowering teen crash rates.
Whilst a national model for GDL laws has existed since the mid-1990s, no state follows all of the requirements. To show the disparities among states, The National Safety Commission (TNSC) analyzed the GDL laws in four states: California, Florida, Mississippi, and North Dakota. The study showed that:
- In California, the minimum age for a drivers permit is 15 years, six months; in Florida and Mississippi, the minimum age is 15. The minimum age in North Dakota is 14.
- Although California and Florida each require 50 hours of practice driving with a parent or guardian in the learner's permit stage, 10 hours of which have to be at night, neither Mississippi nor North Dakota need parental certification of any driving practice hours.
- North Dakota does not have any passenger or nighttime restrictions, and Florida and Mississippi have only nighttime restrictions. California's passenger restriction is that for the initial 12 months, the restricted driver could have no passengers younger than 20, with limited exceptions for immediate family.
The Reader's Digest study indicated that stricter GDL laws usually result in lower teen fatality rates, and a study by Johns Hopkins University discovered that comprehensive GDL laws decrease fatalities among 16-year-old drivers by 38 percent.
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