Introduction to Concrete Beam Design

Concrete beam design involves number of factors, including the live or dead loads, wind patterns, local geography, water streams, soil conditions, seismic potential, estimated traffic and cost constraints.

Most beams in reinforced concrete buildings have rectangular cross sections, but the most efficient cross section is a universal beam. The fact that most of the material is placed away from the neutral axis increases the second moment of area of the beam which in turn increases the stiffness.

An integer programming formulation for the minimum cost design of precast, prestressed concrete simply supported beams is developed. The cross section and grid work within which strands must be placed are assumed given, and the design problem is to determine the concrete strength and the number, location, and draping of strands that minimizes the total cost of the beam. Constraints limit release and service load stresses, ultimate moment capacity, cracking moment capacity, and release camber.

The designer may specify beams exposed to weather, cast in place or prefabricated, cast against earth, or cast in formwork. The beam weight is computed automatically and applied as a uniformly distributed load.  Beams with only bottom, or both top and bottom steel are automatically designed. An extended beam can be simulated by entering the end moments.

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