Applying Ethical Guidelines in Nursing Research on People with Mental Illness
Nursing research on people with mental illness is quite challenging, especially on ethical and professional practices. Unlike normal people, people with mental illnesses including those recovering from mental illnesses are vulnerable and working with them on research presents an ethical dilemma. Kovisto et al., (2001) discuss in greater details how ethical principles can be applied in nursing research with people who are recovering from mental illnesses.
People with mental illness including those who are recovering from mental illnesses are regarded as vulnerable participants in research since they are considered to be completely or partly unable to make autonomous decision when they are participating in research (Sturm, 2004; Usher and Foster, 2006). The main question to consider when dealing with patients who have mental disability is, are psychiatric patients in a position to give consent to participation in research? One of the most essential parts of any research is getting consent from the participants (O'Brien et al., 2001). They have to understand in details what entails the research and consequently give their consent. Research is nursing research on mental illness patients.
According to ethical guidelines as spelt out in Nuremberg Code that was declared during World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, voluntary consent is completely essential before carrying out any research that touches on human subjects. Nuremberg Code requires that participants must show legal capacity to consent, show free choice, and show comprehension of the subject of research. U.S congress has also passed legislation that establishes the National Commission for Protection of Human Subjects which gives important guidelines to be followed with dealing with institutionalized children and persons with mental disability. Provisions in these codes should be closely adhered to in any research with mental ill patients.
The study, which looked for consent of people with mental illnesses to participate in the study, found out some understood what was involved in the study. There were those who declined to participate and those who accepted to participate in the study which means that they understood what the study was about. While carrying out the research, the study found out that there were some ethic dilemmas that had to be dealt with specifically as they required further study and debate.
The findings of this study influence my practices as a nurse in different ways. I have come to understand that dealing with people with mental illnesses especially in research context is quite difficult since they cannot give informed consent. Even when they give informed consent, there are issues regarding their comprehension of the study (Magnusson et al., 2002). From the study, I have learnt that every time I have to deal with mental ill people, I have to consider the entire ethical framework. The result of the study changes the way I would offer care to mentally ill patients.
From the study, I have learned important lessons as pertains to carrying out research on mental illness people. I have learnt that ethics in research, as outlined in the Nuremberg Code is important even when dealing with people who cannot give consent to participation like mental ill people. This study is important in nursing research as it reinforce basic ethical principles. Research and reflection in nursing is important because it contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field.
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