The Gsm Service

<h1>The Gsm Service</h1>Author: <a title="Ian Ball" href="http://www.articlesbase.com/authors/ian-ball/18940.htm">Ian Ball</a> In GSM mobile phone system the region to be covered by the service is divided into hexagonal cells which are typically 5 km in diameter. The size depends on the density of traffic and would be larger in sparsely populated areas. At the centre of each hexagonal cell there is a base transceiver station (BS) which sends and receives calls to /from mobile phones within its range. The cell shape is hexagonal as the distance between centres of neighbouring hexagons is constant. This property is useful to ensure easy hand off, i.e., transfer of control of a mobile phone from one cell to an appropriate adjacent cell when the user of the mobile phone moves. The base station has several antennas, a controller and a set of transceivers, one transceiver for each channel assigned to that cell. The Base Stations are all connected to a Mobile Telecommunication Switching Office (MTSO) usually by land lines. If the terrain is unsuitable BS may be connected to MTSO by wireless. MTSO is also connected to fixed phones through PSTN by a land line.

Fixed line to Mobile

The functions of MTSO are to:

·

o	Establish a connection between a fixed phone and a mobile phone via BS and vice versa.

o	Establish a connection between two mobile phones by using their respective BSs.

o	Allocate appropriate channels to mobile phones to communicate by informing concerned BS.

o	Manage handoff of mobile phones from a BS to an appropriate one when a mobile user moves.

o	Monitor the calls in progress for facilitating charging for use.

Channel Allocation

Before describing how connection is established between a mobile phone and a fixed phone as well as between two mobile phones we will have to understand how channels are allocated to mobile phones when they want to communicate. The most expensive resource in mobile phone system is the electromagnetic spectrum allocated for this purpose .A specific band of frequencies is allocated to a cell phone company by the government which has to be used judiciously by the company to support as many mobile subscribers as possible. In GSM system this band is divided into a set of sub bands and one set is allocated to each cell for communication within that cell. As mobile phones have a limited power (due to small size and need to conserve battery life) their transmission has a limited range and thus the sizes of the cells are small (a few kms) . Thus a sub band of frequencies allocated to a cell can be reused in other cells which are not in their immediate vicinity. This frequency reuse is a very important feature of the cellular communication system. Now let's see how this connection is established.

<a href="http://www.dialaphone.co.uk/buymobilephones.html">online mobile</a>About the Author: Ian Ball is an expert on the mobile phone industryArticle Source: <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/">ArticlesBase.com</a> - <a href="http://www.articlesbase.com/cell-phones-articles/the-gsm-service-284254.html" title="The Gsm Service">The Gsm Service</a>

In GSM mobile phone system the region to be covered by the service is divided into hexagonal cells which are typically 5 km in diameter. The size depends on the density of traffic and would be larger in sparsely populated areas. At the centre of each hexagonal cell there is a base transceiver station (BS) which sends and receives calls to /from mobile phones within its range. The cell shape is hexagonal as the distance between centres of neighbouring hexagons is constant. This property is useful to ensure easy hand off, i.e., transfer of control of a mobile phone from one cell to an appropriate adjacent cell when the user of the mobile phone moves. The base station has several antennas, a controller and a set of transceivers, one transceiver for each channel assigned to that cell. The Base Stations are all connected to a Mobile Telecommunication Switching Office (MTSO) usually by land lines. If the terrain is unsuitable BS may be connected to MTSO by wireless. MTSO is also connected to fixed phones through PSTN by a land line.
Fixed line to Mobile
The functions of MTSO are to:
·
o Establish a connection between a fixed phone and a mobile phone via BS and vice versa.
o Establish a connection between two mobile phones by using their respective BSs.
o Allocate appropriate channels to mobile phones to communicate by informing concerned BS.
o Manage handoff of mobile phones from a BS to an appropriate one when a mobile user moves.
o Monitor the calls in progress for facilitating charging for use.
Channel Allocation
Before describing how connection is established between a mobile phone and a fixed phone as well as between two mobile phones we will have to understand how channels are allocated to mobile phones when they want to communicate. The most expensive resource in mobile phone system is the electromagnetic spectrum allocated for this purpose .A specific band of frequencies is allocated to a cell phone company by the government which has to be used judiciously by the company to support as many mobile subscribers as possible. In GSM system this band is divided into a set of sub bands and one set is allocated to each cell for communication within that cell. As mobile phones have a limited power (due to small size and need to conserve battery life) their transmission has a limited range and thus the sizes of the cells are small (a few kms) . Thus a sub band of frequencies allocated to a cell can be reused in other cells which are not in their immediate vicinity. This frequency reuse is a very important feature of the cellular communication system. Now let's see how this connection is established.

online mobile

Ian Ball is an expert on the mobile phone industry

Rate this Article:

0 / 5 stars - 0 vote(s)

Re-Publish

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/cell-phones-articles/the-gsm-service-284254.html

Article Tags: Mobile Phones, Network, Gsm

Related Videos
Related Articles
Ask / Related Q&A

Play

LG Chocolate Review Mobile Phone

Play

Sony Ericsson G900 Mobile Phone Review

Play

Sony Ericsson C510 Mobile Phone Review

Play

Samsung Impression Mobile Phone Review

Play

LG ARENA Mobile Phone Review

Latest Cell Phones Articles
More from Ian Ball

Take Great Photos With Your Cell Phone Nokia n98

By: agoodic | 06/12/2009
You don't have to be a professional photographer to take superior pictures with your refurbished cell phone. Plenty of admired photographers use their phones to capture their images since the idea behind the photo is much more important than the tools used to capture them. Below are some simple and insightful compositional rules of photography that can make your photos go from "nice" to "unbelievable!"

HTC Mobile Phones Perfect for Professional or Personal Use

By: carlodanie | 06/12/2009
The history of HTC starts with Cher Mi Wang the daughter of one of the richest people in Taiwan.

GPS Mobile Phones Most Convenient way of Travelling

By: carlodanie | 06/12/2009
GPS is an amazing mobile feature that people really like to have in their phones.

Reverse Phone Search Made Easy

By: Zitolas Philp | 06/12/2009
The problem with unknown cell phones is that they are perhaps the hardest of all numbers to trace. Though you can have a hard time with unlisted landline numbers, the mobile ones are the ones that are going to give you the most trouble. However, don't let that discourage you from looking one up if you must find out why this number is calling you, or perhaps calling someone that you love. It's all about looking in the right places.

How to Conduct Reverse Phone Number Lookups

By: Zitolas Philp | 06/12/2009
As a phone consumer, you will encounter many unique experiences. Sometimes you'll receive mystery calls, missed calls, phone pranks, and annoying telemarketing callers to name a few. Depending on what you encounter, you may want to learn more about the mysterious people who call you

All hail the pink mobile phone

By: Zitolas Philp | 06/12/2009
These days everybody has one, from little kids to little old ladies. From the tiniest piece of mobile technology to the iPhone, or just a regular cell, people just love them. Or rather adhere to the trend of having one. It's more than just a fad these days and it does have its benefits.

Are Free Reverse Cell Phone Number Lookups the Real Deal Or Useless?

By: Zitolas Philp | 06/12/2009
A free reverse cell phone Lookup is a process in which you are able to use resources that are available to just about everybody in an attempt to find out who a particular number belongs to. The task can be extremely daunting and frustrating if you don't have all the facts up front.

Reverse Cell Phone Search – Find Out Who Is Calling You

By: Zitolas Philp | 06/12/2009
Are you currently experiencing prank calls on a daily basis? Does a member of your family receive threatening phone calls ever so often? Is your spouse acting different, and taking cell phone calls at strange hours of the night? You think they might be cheating. Well I'm here to help you!

Your Old Worthless Cell Phone

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
What is your old worthless cell phone worth? To you, nothing. Maybe you haven’t noticed that they have been giving away cell phones for any reason at all for several years now. If you want a new cell phone, just wait until your contract runs out with your current provider, and then ask for a new FREE cell phone with the features you want.

Voice Dialing With Cell Phones

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
Of all the unique features to come with handy mobile phone, voice calling is the best and the latest. This exciting feature enables mobile phone users to make phone calls by just calling out a person’s name to their cell. The mobile phone will automatically dial the person’s number and make the call.

The World's Largest Mobile Phone Company Vodafone Acquired Hutch

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
The world's largest mobile phone company Vodafone on Friday officially announced that its was looking to acquire a controlling stake in India's Hutchison-Essar, ending a week long speculation about its intentions. It announced announced its readiness to buy 'in cash' Hutch-Essar, India's fourth largest mobile operator being valued up to $17 billion. It becomes the first player to throw the hat in the ring.

Understanding Cdma in Mobile Phones

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
CDMA is a short terms that refers to ‘Code Division Multiple Access’. It is used in the second-generation (2G) and third-generation (3G) mobile phone tethnology. So, what does CDMA do for your mobile phone?

Trends in Mobile Communications

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
Communication is one of the important areas of Electronics and has always been a focus point for exchanging information among parties at locations physically apart. There are different modes of communication like written messages ,speaking to the other party, giving Fax etc.

Tips for Buying a Good Cell Phone

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
Buying a cell phone is not an easy task, particularly with myriad cell phone varieties arriving in the market these days. Each one offers its own unique features, yet it is different in some way from the other, through style, design and quality. With the plethora of cell phone varieties, coming out these days it’s easy to get confused. Here are a couple of tips you can use when buying cell phones:

Tips for Battery Use in Cell Phones

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
Mobile phones get charged through batteries or through a phone charger. Now if you feel that using batteries is a better option for you because you don’t want the hassle of charging you mobile every time, you should keep in mind how much you are going to use the mobile before going in for buying the battery. Here is a look at the typical mobile phone batteries.

The Gsm Service

By: Ian Ball | 17/12/2007 | Cell Phones
In GSM mobile phone system the region to be covered by the service is divided into hexagonal cells which are typically 5 km in diameter. The size depends on the density of traffic and would be larger in sparsely populated areas. At the centre of each hexagonal cell there is a base transceiver station (BS) which sends and receives calls to /from mobile phones within its range.