The Definition of a VoIP Gateway
A media gateway, very simply, is the bridge that connects incompatible telecommunication networks to one another. The definition of a VoIP gateway, is just that. It allows someone using an analogue line or device to connect with someone using either analogue or digital phones, by way of the more efficient and cheaper method of switching data packets rather than circuits.
The voice over internet protocol gateway converts the analogue transmission and coding techniques, eliminates echoes and contains dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. Protocols are used to communicate between the call agent and the media gateway. It is known by several other names as well. Voice IP Gateway, VoIP Telephone Gateway, VoIP Internet Telephony Gateway, VoIP to PSTN Gateway, and Access Gateway VoIP are all synonyms for the broader and most widely used VoIP Gateway term.
The basic functions of the gateway includes both fax and voice, packetisation of call data, call routing, control signaling as well as compression and decompression. It converts the voice traffic into an acceptable form (analogue into digital or vice versa) that can be received at the destination. As extras, they may also include interfaces such as network management and billing systems.
Using a compatible protocol and codec is imperative if you want good quality in your phone calls. The VoIP gateway generally uses a single protocol, which determines in what manner your voice packet travels across the network. The voice codec compresses your voice inside a digital packet, at the same time choosing the required band width and sound quality needed. Multiple voice codecs are generally used to ensure the very best levels of effectiveness.
The two basic types of gateways are analogue and digital. In order to connect your traditional land line phones and fax machines to a VoIP system you will need an analogue FXS VoIP gateway. To do the reverse action, you will instead require a FXO gateway. While they both do the same thing, the interfaces are different. This is why it is imperative you remember that the protocols and codecs must be compatible!
If you are using VoIP only from computer to another computer, you have no need for a gateway. This is the easiest use of voice over internet protocol. Long distance calls done in this fashion usually entail no cost at all. You simply connect with the internet (preferably using cable or DSL), use either a microphone and speaker set up or headphones, and all you are paying for is the monthly internet service.
The media gateway is only necessary when one or both ends of the connection are not digital or compatible. Most VoIP gateways comply with multiple protocols and voice codecs. They provide jitter buffer, echo cancellation, call routing, automatic provisioning and web based administration. They come with 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 ports. The number of ports available should be determined by the number of devices or phone lines you plan to connect to the VoIP gateway. There are some subtle differences, so examine the details closely.
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