What is American Wire Gauge (AWG)?
American Wire Gauge is a standard wire gauge system used in the United States for the measurement of diameter of non-ferrous, electrically conducting wires. "Gauge" here means the diameter. It is the American standard way of classifying wires and cables. Non-ferrous metals includes aluminum, copper and many other metals, however it is most often used to copper household wiring and phone wiring.
Typical household wiring AWG number would be 12 or 14. A telephone wire is usually 22, 24 or 26. As the gauge number goes higher, the diameter of the wire becomes leaner. As denser wire conveys more current, since it has less electrical impedance beyond a given length, thick wires are the best suited for long distances.
Considering this reason, where the distance is decisive, and a company putting in a network could prefer phone wire with a lower gauge that is thicker wire of AWG 24 to 26. AWG is also known as Brown and Sharpe (B&S) Wire Gauge. AWG sizes are determined by measuring the diameter of a bare wire which means without any insulation. When choosing the diameter of a wire, the critical factors to be considered and determined are the current it will carry and the total distance over which it should carry the amperage.
Generally people use thicker wires than what is suggested. The American Wire Gauge is a logarithmic scale, so if you know the diameter or resistance for a certain gauge, you can very well find out the resistance and diameter of another gauge number without any trouble, just by doing a basic summation and subtraction.
Resistance:
- AWG 15 is 10 mohm/m.
- Summing three increases the resistance by two fold and subtracting three reduces resistance by half.
- Similarly, adding 10 multiplies the resistance by ten, and subtracting 10 divides the same by 10.
Diameter:
- AWG 18 has a solid gauge of about 1mm
- Adding 6 reduces the diameter exactly by half and deducting 6 doubles the diameter
- Adding 20 divides the gauge thickness by 10 and subtracting 20 manifolds the diameter by 10.
Questions and Answers
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