Beams and Their Importance on the Structure's Stability
Beams are the horizontal membranes of a structure that are responsible for carrying all vertical loads and transmitting the pressure towards the columns. It has similarity in form with the column except that it is designed to be horizontal in arrangement. The horizontal arrangement of beams predicts its job to hold and protect the entire structure from vertical collapse. Without them, all other members will fall to the ground.
Every structural member is connected to each other by steel bars encapsulated by concrete. Floors, which are concrete pavement reinforced with small-diameter steel bars, are connected to the beams. The pressure received by the floor from the loadings is then transferred to these beams. Therefore, there is a great need for these beams to be designed well to perform efficiently in offsetting vertical stresses.
Beams have different sizes according to their position in the structure. Those beams located along the side of the structure are normally designed with bigger cross-sectional area and are commonly called "girders". The rest of the beams in the internal region have smaller sizes. This is explained by the task girders perform, which include transferring majority of the loads and fencing the entire structure at the same time.
Beams are subjected to both vertical and lateral forces. Vertical forces include the natural load of the structure, while lateral forces are exerted by natural phenomena such as wind and earthquake. Small houses, especially single-story houses, require only standard sized beams since they are not expected to carry much load, compared with multi-story buildings. DIY home build practices require only off-surface beams, but bigger structures require underground beams.
Nevertheless, custom designed houses need careful design for beams. While most dream houses are located at elevated places where wind forces are different from that of typical plain wind, the static determinacy of beams must be accurate. Some DIY dream house projects must exceed the allowable stresses provided by construction codes in this case.
Beams for wooden houses are significantly different from those of concrete houses. The calculation of strength is usually based on the cellular structure of the lumber to be used. This is important, especially because most dream houses are wooden type. DIY dream house projects involving wood must conform to the standards governing wood structures.
Questions and Answers
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