Column, Structural Importance, Requirement
A house cannot stand without columns. Columns are vertical posts that hold the entire structure and protect it from lateral disintegration. Their main function is to transmit compression pressure from all other structural members to the footing. In the context of strength and stability, they should be the second strongest structural component next to the underlying foundation.
Designing a column requires accurate calculation of the total loads of the structure in order to create a counterbalancing strength. Usually, a column is designed not only to balance with the loads assigned to it but to exceed tolerable stresses. To do this, the column should be reinforced with adequate number of bars and equipped with well-arranged lateral ties. In this way, the vertical column can resist buckling when applied with great load and deflection when subjected to lateral couple forces.
The idea of putting reinforcing bars comes from the fact that loads do not only apply compression forces, which are normally counteracted by the concrete. Other forces involved in the structure are bending and pushing that can instantly fracture the column, whereas with steel reinforcement, these tension forces can be offset by minimal to negligible amount or deflection.
For residential houses, columns are typically smaller in sizes. The volume of rectangular-solid-shaped columns is based on the total dead and live loads of the structure. For two- or three-story dream houses, columns are a bit bigger than those of bungalow-type, normally because their carry heavier load. Some DIY build your own home techniques provide proper sizing of columns in conformance to standards required by the structural code.
Columns can be of different shapes. Those of ancient structures are usually circular, which involves more complicated design considerations. It is relatively difficult to calculate load distribution in a circular cross section, especially because the edge of the cross section has varying measurement of area in square millimeter. In most DIY build your own home techniques, rectangular cross-section is adopted. However, precast circular concrete is attached to it to make it circular in shape.
There are two ways to construct a column. One is on-site construction wherein forms are prepared around steel reinforcement, then concrete is poured. The other is precast wherein the column is formed and cured in another location. Some DIY building a house techniques prefer precast columns to shorten the duration of construction.
Questions and Answers
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