Childhood cancer: brain tumors
In the brain may cause many different tumors.
Brain tumors can occur in very different parts of the brain. There are also many different types of tumors in the brain. The main ones are occurring brain tumors in children include:
- Gliomas: Glioma is a collective term for tumors arising from the neuroglia. As the supporting neuroglia and tissue sheath called the nervous system. Gliomas often begin with the neuroglia of the brain. Particularly common is a form of glioma, the so-called astrocytomas.
- Medulloblastomas are also referred to as "cerebellar vermis.
- Ependymomas: Outgoing From Empendym glial tumor. The Empendym is a single-cell lining of the glial cells of the cerebral ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord.
- Craniopharyngioma, Rathke's pouch tumor is also called a tumor, which is already in the embryo by an aberration.
- Meningiomas are slow-growing benign tumors assume that from the meninges, the surface cells of the arachnoid mater (skin cobwebs of the brain and spinal cord.
- Pituitary adenomas: Pituitary adenomas are tumors of the pituitary gland or pituitary gland. Some of these tumors produce hormones that intervene in the control and feedback loops of the pituitary hormones. An example of an endocrine pituitary adenoma is the prolactinoma.
1 in 3000 children is affected.
The brain tumors represent 20 percent, the largest group of cancer in childhood. The frequency of occurrence of a brain tumor in childhood is about 1 illness per 3000 children, where all ages can be affected. Most frequently, however, brain tumors occur before the age of ten.
The symptoms depend on the nature of the tumor, from the place in the brain and the size of the tumor from. The symptoms can vary greatly. They depend firstly on the tumor type, and secondly the localization of the disease and the size of the tumor from. Very often, however, it is too
- Headache
- Seizures
- Vomiting
- Impaired consciousness
Depending on the tumor location, other symptoms occur:
- The cerebellum (eg, medulloblastoma, ependymomas): muscle relaxation, unsteady gait, tremors and uncertainty during execution of movements, uncontrolled movements of the eyeballs, speech disorder.
- Brainstem (eg astrocytoma, glioma and others): hemiplegia, eye and facial muscle paralysis, difficulty swallowing, changes in mood.
- Midbrain (eg astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma): blurred vision, disturbances of temperature regulation and fluid balance, growth and sleep disorders.
- Cerebrum (eg, astrocytoma, meningioma, ependymoma): partial paralysis, mental disorders, sensory disturbances, visual and speech disturbances.
Extensive investigations are necessary.
To diagnose a brain tumor, the complaints, the physical examination findings and the EEG examination (EEG lead: electroencephalography, a recording of brain waves) and X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the head. The investigation of the nervous water can) (CSF provide further insights. The nerve water through a so-called lumbar puncture, ie puncture of the spinal canal at the level of lumbar spine obtained.
The therapy must be individual.
The choice of therapy depends on the nature of the tumor as well as its location and size. In general, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and are eligible surgical removal, each alone or in combination. The prognosis depends on tumor type, location and size, but also the child's age: With increasing age of children is improving the prognosis. 8 years after treatment, 40 percent of children live with a medulloblastoma, 75 percent of patients with astrocytoma, about 10 percent of these patients with a tumor located in the brainstem and 70 to 80 percent of children with a craniopharyngioma.
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