Follicular infections and differential diagnosis
A furuncle (boil) is an acute necrotizing infection of a follicle.A carbuncle is more extensive, involving contiguousfollicles and the tissues around them. Infection of the hairfollicle opening is termed superficial folliculitis.The usual infecting organism is Staph. aureus, and thereis often nasal, axillary or perineal carriage of the organism.Friction, as at the nape of the neck, and moisture, as in theflexures, are important predisposing factors. Obesity, poorhygiene, widespread skin disease, immune deficiency anddiabetes mellitus may predispose in severe cases. Superficialfolliculitis can be non-infective; causes includecontact with oils and other irritant chemicals.Furuncles are tender red papules or nodules, whichbecome pustular centrally and often heal with some scarring.Furunculosis may be chronic, as in sycosis barbae, apustular eruption due to Staph. aureus that occurs on themale face. Carbuncles are often associated with fever andmalaise, and with an underlying systemic illness such asdiabetes or immune suppression.Follicular infections can produce bacteraemia and,rarely, bony and cerebral abscesses, and endocarditis.Swabs should be taken from pus and from the anteriornares, axilla and perineum of both the patient and householdcontacts (potential reservoirs of infection) in chroniccases.
Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis includes dermatophyte infection(the fungi can be demonstrated by microscopy and cultureof hairs) and pseudofolliculitis, a non-infective papulopustularcondition on the face and neck caused by cut hairsgrowing back into the skin. The latter is very common inblack people because their hair is tightly curled. Acne vulgaris can usually be distinguished by the presenceof comedones, and the pustules are sterile.
Treatment Furuncles and carbuncles may need incision and drainage.Superficial staphylococcal folliculitis should respond to flucloxacillin(or an equivalent) for 1-2 weeks, but chronic cases may need treatment for longer, and treatment of reservoir sites, e.g. chlorhexidine for the skin andmupirocin for the nose.
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The underlying concept of the follicular unit transplantation hair restoration method is that, in order to maximize the cosmetic benefit of the hair restoration, only naturally occurring, individual follicular units should be transplanted. In the purest form of follicular unit transplantation, follicular units are neither divided into smaller units, nor combined into larger ones.
From the Hair Transplant Forum International 2007. First there were FUs, the acronym for follicular units - the natural occurring groups of 1-4 hairs present in the human scalp. Next there were FU Bundles and FU Families, then FU Coupling and FU pairing, and now DFUs and even MFUs. And of course we can't forget FUE and FIT. But what do all these terms mean? And are they all really needed?
The follicular dynamics has been the focus of many researchers in the world.The elementry teachers and students need a review of the vast literature available on the web.We have attempted bringing many facts and researches together in this paper for the general awareness of the women carving for reproductive manipulative treatments like assissted reproduction.I will also like the elementery researchers to read and comment it .It is hoped to help all the commeners and the experts.
Human hair does not grow individually, as one might think. Rather, hairs grow in small groups called follicular units. This characteristic is the basis of Follicular Unit Transplant, or FUT hair restoration procedures.
Follicular Transplantation is a method of hair restoration surgery which recognizes the follicular unit as the basic element of tissue to be moved in the transplant. The anatomic and physiologic basis of this procedure, as well as its potential advantages, are discussed. We then describe in detail how follicular implants may be used in extensive quantities for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.
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