Infant colic

What is infant colic?

Colic is a broad term which refers to episodes of uncontrollable, extended crying in a baby who is otherwise healthy and well fed. Every baby cries, but if your baby cries or fusses for more than three hours a day, three to four days a week, then he or she may have colic.
What causes infant colic and who is at risk?

The cause of colic isn't known, although many people believe that an immature digestive system may be the problem. Indeed, we know that an infant's digestive tract doesn't have all of the enzymes or digestive juices needed for breaking down food. Another possible cause of colic is an immature nervous system which causes a baby to tense up in response to normal external stimulation.
It is possible that milk – either from the breast or bottle – may cause colic. If the baby is breast-fed, the problem may be due to something the mother is eating or drinking. Dairy products, wheat products, spicy foods, cruciferous vegetables (like broccoli or cabbage), caffeine and alcohol may contribute to a baby's colic. If you bottle-feed, your baby may be allergic to the type of formula you are using.
Colic equally affects boys and girls, first-born children and those born later. In general, it appears around two to four weeks of age and can last for three months, or longer in some cases.
What are the symptoms and complications of infant colic?

The main symptom is continuous crying for long periods of time. Although this crying can occur at any time, it usually worsens in the evening. Beyond crying, a baby with colic may also look uncomfortable and appear to be in pain. Babies may lift their head or legs, become red in the face and pass wind. Some babies refuse to eat or become fussy soon after eating. Difficulty falling and staying asleep is another common symptom.
Normally, colic is not a serious condition. Research shows that babies with colic continue to eat and gain weight normally, despite the hours of crying. The main problem with the condition is the stress and anxiety it creates within the home. Parents and other family members may find it difficult to cope with the constant crying. That's why it is vital to have support and to take a break now and then.


How is colic treated?

Self-care action plan

There is no proven cure for colic, but there are several measures that may help your baby feel more comfortable.
If your baby seems to have a lot of wind, make sure you burp him or her frequently. If you bottle -feed, your baby may be swallowing air from the bottle. You might try feeding your baby in a different position, or use a curved bottle or a bottle with a collapsible bag.
To soothe your baby, you might try some or all of the following: carry him or her in a front sling or back pack

wrap him or her snugly in a blanket (this is called swaddling)

keep him or her in motion in an infant swing

place him or her near continuous noise or vibrations from household appliances like the dishwasher, vacuum cleaner or washer-dryer

take him or her for a car ride or a walk outside

give him or her a dummy to suck on

give him or her gentle tummy massages

take a shower together – the warm water may be comforting