PERSONALITY DISORDER
Individuals are recognizable not just by their appearancebut by their personality which, despite ageing and change,remains relatively constant through time.Personalities can be classified dimensionally or categorically.A dimensional approach is exemplified by HansEysenk who, following his intellectual opponent Jung,devised a method for assessing personalities along the dimensions of extrovert (outgoing, gregarious, stimulusseeking)and introvert (inner-directed, shy, stimulusavoiding).The problem of differentiating between normal andabnormal personality is even more difficult than in neurosis.There are undoubtedly individuals whose personalitiesare very unusual, at least in the statistical sense, but theyare not necessarily abnormal. An alternative approach tothe classification of personality uses psychiatric categoriesto describe different types of individual. Someone sufferingfrom schizoid personality, for example, is withdrawnand aloof, preoccupied with material objects or intellectualpursuits rather than people, lacking in close emotionalcontact, and is defensive and easily hurt. These featuresmay only be a personality trait, and may even be advantageous:many creative people have schizoid tendencies.However, when taken to extremes they become a personalitydisorder. Here, the individual is so handicapped by his personality that he seeks, or is brought for, help, e.g.someone with a schizoid personality who suffers fromsevere social isolation.Unlike psychosis and neurosis, a personality disorder isnot an illness. Its features date back to childhood or adolescence,and so there is no premorbid period of normality.However, personality disorder often coexists with, andmay predispose to, psychiatric illness (this is an exampleof 'comorbidity'). Personality disorders are convenientlygrouped into three main types. Group A have some of thefeatures of schizophrenia and paranoia, but without anyovert signs of psychosis. They may, however, predispose toa psychotic illness, and eventually develop into one. Thussomeone with a paranoid personality may, in later life,develop pamphrenia.
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association defines personality disorder as "a persistent pattern of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that is significantly different from what is considered normal within the person's own culture."
The long-held notion that issues drive family court litigation has been replaced by the concept that high conflict personalities drive litigation. This article explains personality disorders, how they drive litigation and how to manage litigants who have them.
Personality disorders are pervasive chronic psychological disorders, which can greatly affect a person's life. Having a personality disorder can negatively affect one's work, one's family, and one's social life.
Personality disorders are chronic patterns of behavior that cause lasting problems with work and relationships. Paranoid personality disorder can result from negative childhood experiences fostered by a threatening domestic atmosphere. Narcissistic personality disorder may be an infantile, defensive personality structure in response to abuse and trauma, usually developing in early childhood or early adolescence. Childhood developmental factors and parenting behaviors that may contribute to the d
The article discusses the clinical aspect of personality disorders. It is intended for medical students, health workers and people interested in mental health
There are three groups of personality disorders, each having similar characteristics. Although these conditions are incurable, the sufferer can live a relatively normal life with therapy and medication.
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