PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
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The Management Stocks.
Almost every company carries stocks of some sort,even if they are only stocks of consumables such as stationery.For a manufacturing business,stocks ( sometimes called inventories),in the form of raw materials, working progress & finished goods,may amount to a substsntial proportion of the total assets of the business.
Some business attempt to control stocks on a scientific basis by balancing the costs of stock shortages against those of stock holding.
The "scientific"control of stock may be analyzed into parts;
- The economic order quantity ( EOQ ) model can be used to decide the optimum order size for stocks which will minimize the costs of ordering stocks plus stock holding costs.
- If discounts for bulk purchases are available , it may be cheaper to buy stocks in large order size so as to abtain the discounts.
- Uncertainty in the demand for stocks & /or the supply lead time may lead a company to decide to hold buffer stocks ( there are by increasing its investment in working capital ) in order to reduce or eleminate the risk of stock-outs ( running out of stock ).
Stock Costs.
Stock costs can be conveniently classified into four (4) groups;
- Holding costs.
- Procuring costs.
- Shorage costs.
- The cost of the stock itself.
Stock Models.
There are several types of stock model & these can be clissified under the following headings
- Deterministic Stock Model.
- Stochastic Stock Models.
A deterministic stock model is one which all the "parameters"are known with certaily.In particular the rate of demand & the supply lead time are known.
A Stochastic model is one in which the supply lead time or the rate of demand for an item is not known with certainly.However, the demand or the lead time follows a known probability distribution ( porbably constructed form a historical analysis of demand or lead time in past ).
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