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Digital Library

INTRODUCTION :

                              The  idea  of  easy   and   finger  tip access  to  information  began  with  the  introduction  of  VANNENAR  Bush’s Memex  machine  and  gradually  evolving  with  the  advancement  of  Information  Technology.  With  the  advent  of  computers  , the concept  centered  on  large  bibliographic  databases, the now familiar  online retrieval   and  public  access  systems  that  are  part  of  any  contemporary  library. When the computers are gradually  networked   forming  the  internet, the concept evolved  again and the research gradually turned to creating libraries in digital format  and  terms  like  “ virtual  library “, “electronic  library ”, “library  without  walls”  and  the  most  recent  term  ‘digital  library’  have  come. The  rapid  advancements  in  information  processing, storage, and  communication  technologies  have  revolutionized  the  role  of  world  wide  libraries  in  the  disseminating  information  services  to  the  users. The  data   are  now  being  provided  in  the  digital  format  by  the  librarians.

 

                       According  to  Fox  Digital  library  is  defined  as  “ New  way  of  carrying  out  the  functions  of  libraries of libraries  encompassing  new  types  of  information   resources  new  approaches  to  classification  and  cataloguing,   intensive  use  of  electronic  systems  and  networks  and  dramatic  shifts  in  intellectual, organizational  and  electronic  practices.”

                       Some  of  the  common  elements  by  which  a  digital  library  can  be  identified  as  the  most  essentiality  of  today’s  world  as  illustrated  by  ARL   are  :

 

I)  The  digital  Library  is  not  a   single  entity;

ii)  The  digital  library  by  requires  technology  to  link  resources  of  many ;

iii)  these  links  are  transparent  to  end  users   from  an  information  retrieval  point  of  view  , it  is  a  large  database ;

iv) for  library   science  it  is  a bold  step  in  the  continuing    automation  of  libraries  that  began  25  years  ago;

v) Universal  access  to  the  digital  libraries  and  information  services  in  the  goals;

vi) For  those  working  in  wide- area  information  delivery , it  is  an  application  of   the   web ;

 

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS  OF  A  DIGITAL  LIBRARY  :

 

The  digital  library  require  digital  technologies  and  is  the  combination  of  traditional  and  media  collection .The  characteristics  have  been  gleaned  from  various  discussions   about  digital  libraries  both  online  and  in  print  :

i)  Digital  libraries  are  the  digital  face  of  the  traditional  libraries  that  includes  both  digital collections  and  traditional  ,  fixed   media  collections.  So  both  electronic  and  paper  materials  get  their  importance.

ii) Digital  libraries  will include  digital  materials  that  exist  outside  the  physical  and  administrative   bounds  of  any  one  digital  library

iii) Digital  library  supports  both  formal  and  informal  learning  procedures

iv) Digital    libraries  will  require  both  the  skill  of  librarians  and  well  as  those  of  computer  scientists  to  be  viable

v) Digital  libraries  ideally  provide  a  coherent  view  of  all  the  information  contained  within  a library  , no  matter  its  form  or  format

vi) Digital  libraries  will  serve  particular  communities  or  constituencies, as traditional  libraries  do  now, though  those   communities  may  be  widely  distributed  throughout  the  network.

 

These  characteristics  are  most  logical  because  it  expands  and  extends  the  traditional  library, preserves  the  valuable  work  that  they  do  , while  integrating  new  technologies , new  processes  and  new  media.

 

LIBRARIANS  IN  A  DIGITAL  LIBRARY  :

 

Dr. S.R. Ranganathan    has  stated  that  Librarianship  is  a  noble  profession in  which  he  derives  the  joy  by  seeing  the  dawn  of  joy  in  the  face  of  the  readers, helped  by  him  to  find  the  right  book  at  the right  time. Now - a –days   librarians   equipped  themselves  with the skill  of handling  the  new  technologies. Electronic media like Floppy disk, DVD, CD-ROM   are  replacing  the   books  and  Journals . Thus  the  information  literacy  is  a  must  for  the  librarians   and   so  the   library  professionals  are  now  a  days  more  regarded  as  an  Information  Personnel.

 

The  librarian  must  look  that  these  factors   must  be  present  in  case  of  a  digital  library:

 

Collection  of  services  : A  digital  library  is  more  than  just  the  collection  of  material  in  its  repositories.  It  provides  a  variety  of  services  to  all  of  its  users(  both  humans  and  machines  , and  producers, managers  and  consumers  of  information).  There  are  a large  and  varied  set  of  services  like  support  management  of  collections, services  to  provide  replicated  and  reliable  storage , services to aid in query formulation and execution  etc.

 

The  collection  of  information  objects  :  the  basis  for  a  digital  library however , must  be the formation objects  that  provide  the  content.   The  information  objects   are  found  in  collections  with  associated  management  and  support  functions. The  types  of  information  objects  vary  from  traditional  ‘documents’  through  to  live  objects  or  dynamic  query  results.

                                                          

Supporting  users  deal  with  information  objects: The  librarians  must  assist  the  users  by  satisfying  their  needs  and  requirements  for  management, access  ,  storage  and  manipulation  of  the  variety  of  information  stored  in  the  collection  of  material  that  represents  the  ‘holdings ‘ of  the  library.

 

The  organization  and  presentation  of  those  objects  :A  library  is  created  to  serve  a  community  of  users. Users  who  participate  in  the  digital  library  should  be  aware  of  its  design  and   be  able  collectively  refine  the  design  to  better  serve   their  own  information  needs. Thus  the  usability  of  a  digital  library  depends  on  the  clear    and  unobtrusive   exposure  of  the  library’s  design, its near  term  goals  and  its  overall objectives.

 

Available  directly  or  indirectly:  The  information  objects  may  be  digital  objects  or  they  may  be  in  other  media(like  paper) but  represented  in the  library  via  digital  means (  eg. Metadata) . They  may  be  available  directly  over  the  network  (eg. Using  a  query  service  of  the  library  to  find  and  then  retrieve    electronically  the  information  object)  or  indirectly  (eg.  The  result  of  the  query  may  give  instructions  on  how  to  obtain  the  object  but  that  is  done  outside  the  scope  of  the  library  itself)

 

Electronic  / digital  availability:  Although  the  objects  may  not  be  even  electronic, and although  the  objects  themselves may not be available directly  over  the  network, the objects  must  be  represented  electronically  in  some  manner  through  eg. Metadata  or  catalogues. Otherwise  that  should not be considered  a  part  of  the  digital  library

 

 

CONCLUSION:

 

To  organize  a digital library  with  all  the  characteristics  mentioned  above  the  library  must  have  the   professionals  who  have  a  flair  of  moving  out  of  the  traditional  systems  and  cope  up  with  the  modern  advanced  technology. Keeping  in  mind  the  new  challenges  the  information  professionals  can  undergo  short  term  courses,  refresher  courses,  seminars  and  workshops   which  would  help  them  to  acquire  new  skills  as  networking,  web  based  technologies, searching  of  Electronic  database  CD- ROM,  e-journals. As  with  most  other  technical  developments  in  libraries  over  the  years, we  will  have  to  move  forward  in  small manageable  , evolutionary  steps  rather  than  in  rapid  revolutionary  manner.

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

i) Role of Library Professionals:  Dr. Shaista  Muqueem

ii) Key concepts in the architecture of the Digital Library- D-lib Magazine, July, 2005

iii) Graham  , P.S(1995A) Requirements  for  the  digital  Library (www.aultnis.rutgers.edu/texts/DRC.html)

iv) Steele  Collin (1998) The  Digital  Library: do’s, don’t’s  and  developments . The  Electronic  Library 13(50 , 433- 437

v) www.computer.org/pubs/computer/dli

saswati sen
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