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A revealed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic elements using conductive paths, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It's also as printed wiring board ( PWB ) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly ( PCA ), AKA a broadcast circuit board assembly ( PCBA ) .
PCBs are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly trustworthy. They require much more layout effort and higher first cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point created circuits, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. A lot of the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and QC desires are set by standards that are made public the IPC organization.
In current years, the use of surface mount parts has gained popularity as the requirement for smaller electronics packaging and greater functionality has grown.
Originally, every electronic component had wire leads, and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each part. The components' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace. This strategy of assembly is called through-hole construction. In 1949, Moe Abramson and drilled for each wire of the United States Army Signal Corps developed the Auto-Sembly process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil interconnection pattern and dip soldered. With the development of board lamination and etching strategies, this concept evolved into the standard printed circuit board fabrication process in use today. Soldering could be done automatically by passing the board over a ripple, or wave, of molten solder in a wave-soldering machine. However, the wires and holes are wasteful since drilling holes is expensive and the protruding wires are merely cut off.
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