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Autoversicherung: Geschichte Des Autos: 2. Teil

Man kann den Anfang der Automobilisierung auf das Jahr 1860 zurückführen. Damals baute der Belgier Etienne Lenoir (1822 - 1900) den ersten Gasmotor und verwirklichte dabei den Gedanken, ein hochverdichtetes Leuchtgas-Luft-Gemisch im Inneren eines eisernen Zylinders zu entzünden. In diesem Zylinder bewegte sich ein exakt eingepasster Kolben, der durch fortgesetzte Explosionen gleichmäßig hin- und herfuhr und so Räder über eine Kurbelwelle antrieb.

Nach kurzen Probefahrten mit seinem Kraftfahrzeug stellte Lenoir aber fest, dass er kein zufrieden stellendes Ergebnis mit seinem Fahrzeug erreichen konnte. Dennoch berichtete die gesamte europäische Presse über den Lenoirschen Gasmotorwagen.

Der Kölner Nicolaus August Otto (1832 - 1891) war der Erste, der sich davon anregen ließ, einen eigenen Motor zu entwickeln. Er wollte den Motor von Lenoir entwicklungsfähiger machen und gründete mit dem gleichaltrigen Eugen Langen die Firma DEUTZ AG. Das Unternehmen florierte bald so hervorragend, dass man für die erweiterte Produktionsstätte einen neuen, fähigen Direktor suchte. Otto und Langen übergaben diese Aufgabe Gottlieb Daimler (1834 - 1900), der damals Werkstättenvorstand der Karlsruher Maschinenbaugesellschaft war. Daimler brachte einen Chefingenieur mit, den damals 26jährigen Wilhelm Maybach (1846 - 1929).

Gemeinsam schufen Langen, Otto, Daimler und Maybach im Jahre 1876 die erste Viertaktmaschine - den berühmten Otto-Motor. Der Viertaktmotor von 1876 beendete die rund 200 Jahre lang andauernde Suche nach einer geeigneten Antriebsquelle für Handwerk, Kleingewerbe und für Fahrzeuge – wenn auch erst zehn Jahre später.

Die Idee den Ottomotor zum Antrieb von Automobilen anzuwenden ist als erstem Gottlieb Daimler eingefallen. Zu seiner Zeit wurde Petroleum in immer größeren Mengen und immer billiger angeboten. Das brachte Daimler auf die Idee statt dem ursprünglichen Leuchtgas flüssigen Treibstoff zu verwenden. Durch diesen flüssigen Treibstoff (Benzin) musste der Motor nicht länger mit einer Gasleitung verbunden sein, sondern er wurde beweglich.

Der Weg vom stationären Gasmotor zum Fahrzeugmotor war durch Daimlers Idee verwirklicht. Gottlieb Daimler, der sich 1882 im Streit von Langen und Otto von der Firma DEUTZ AG trennte, entwickelte gemeinsam mit Maybach in Bad Cannstatt bei Stuttgart den Benzinmotor weiter, obwohl er eigentlich durch ein Patent geschützt war.

Daimler und Maybach dachten nicht nur an einen Einsatz in Straßenfahrzeugen, sondern auch in Booten, Ballons, Feuerspritzen und Schienenfahrzeugen. 1883 stellten sie ihren ersten Motor fertig, der mit Benzin (Petroleum) als Kraftstoff arbeitete.

Mark Lauterwein wohnt derzeit in Großbritannien und schreibt Artikel zum Thema Autoversicherung und online Preisvergleich im deutschen Versicherungsmarkt.

Mark Lauterwein

Mark Lauterwein is a UK based writer currently researching the German Autoversicherung sector.

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