Margaret Demers is a well known author and has written many articles on Rugs, oriental rugs, antique rugs, restoration and repair of rugs and carpets.
If you look at an oriental weaving (rug, bags, pillow covers etc) from the 19thC you will notice that the colours have an attractive depth and richness about them. Natural dyes produce a vast range of colours that have a remarkable ability to harmonize with each other.
Research into the chemistry of these dyes has shown that in the case of reds from the Madder root these is a cocktail of at least 40 active pigments present in varying degrees. The relative percentages of each depends on many factors such as the mineral content of the soil, the age of the root, the dying temperature, and the chemistry of the mordants (minerals that fix the dye to the wool i.e. Alum, Ferrous salts.).
These affect the tone and shade of the colour, and the broad spectrum within each colour makes it much more likely to resonate with other natural dyes. Hand spun wool varies in the tightness of the spin and thickness of the thread. This has two results, when dyed the amount picked up varies along the thread, less in the middle of a tightly twisted section.
When natural dyes are woven into a rug and the pile trimmed there is a variation of tones and shades that add up to colour block that has depth and richness. Another effect of hand spun wool is that due to the variation in the thickness of the thread it introduces unevenness into the weave that takes the hard edge off lines and borders, which adds a living natural look, rather than the mechanical regularity of machine spun wool. When these two are added together you get a weaving that has a living, natural, vibrant quality to it that comes from hand crafted work.
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