WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

                                                                                *N.SATHIYA

                             An enterprise is an undertaking and enterpriser is one who organizes and manages it and takes risk. Initiative, risk bearing, co-coordinating of factors of production, use of innovation and provision of capital are the basic elements of entrepreneurship.Solutions, creation, processing and promotion of unit, promotional help, adequate and timely finance, sufficient market stability and intelligence are the main factors effective progress.

                        This is considered to be one of the most significant organizational changes taking place in the world today. However, though the number of women entering the managerial profession is on the increase they are still clustered in the lower levels of management and rarely obtain positions of significant corporate power.

                   In difference countries where the entry and middle level management positions are held by a significant number of women, experience prove their effectiveness as managers.

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*Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Periyar University, Salem-11

CAREER DEVELOPMENT:

                          The first Indian woman to graduate from Harvard business school. She is amongst the most powerful women in business in the country. Now in 2006 Naina Lal kidwai could become a director on the board of Swiss multinational nestle.

                     The goals of women’s empowerment are to challenge patriarchal ideology to transform the structures and institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination and social inequality and to enable poor women to gain access to and control over both material and information resources.

                         In operation vital and extensive employment and beneficiary oriented     programmes for specific target groups like farmers, and artisans such as the:

1)      National Rural Employment Programming (NREP), the

2)      Integrated Rural Development  Programming (IRDP),the

3)      Rural landless Employment Guaranty Programming (RLEGP),the

4)      Training Scheme of Rural Youth for Self  Employment (TRYSEM)

5)      The Scheme for providing Self Employments to Educated Unemployed youth (SEEU)and

6)      Self Employment Programme for Urban Poor,(SEPUP)

                      Growth for Industrialization, Urbanization, Education and Democratic system in the country the custom-bound-society of India is in the process of a change. The women are searching gainful employment in different fields.

                     In developing countries they invariably work harder than men. They contribute to economic actively and to the welfare of society through house hold jobs, child rearing, educating children and working in the fields. In developing countries, the discrimination extends to health care, food, property and access to credit.

                      Women’s organization aim at creating general awareness on the status involves roles, exception, entitlements rights and obligations etc. In many cases women are unaware of the legal rights, to take decisions and great influences by a family the dominance of the male.

                         From 1980’s onwards, the issues raised by WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID) and, lately, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) approaches have acquire great importance, both for government organizations, non- government organizations and women’s organizations. While WID concentrates more on women’s economic activities.

                We need to invest in our people and, especially, improve the lives our women we need contribution from our women to attain excellence in all areas of activity. Our social and cultural attitudes neglects and marginalize women. In public, we can accept and respect women and brag about having a woman as our Prime Minister or a few women’s as Chief Ministers and Judges. But privately, the large majorities of women are sub Jud gated and dominated.

                They need permission from their men to occasionally visit their parents and relatives. It is estimated that 124 million women work in India (National Sample Survey Organization, 2000). This represents about 31 percent of the total work force. The Government economic survey for 2003-04 has estimated that there are 4.95 million women in the organized sector (both public and private sectors) about 18.01 percent of the total organized work force.

         Last year the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), through its women Empowerment Committee Conducted survey of white-collar in 149 member companies across different sectors and regions. The percentage of women employees in medium companies was 18 percent, large companies 4 percent. At the managerial level, the percent of women at junior level was 16 percent, middle level 4 percent, senior level 4 percent and at senior-most levels, just 1 percent.

           Today, to survive competition in a globalizes market, many organizations are our sourcing and contracting out their work. This certainly has created opportunities for home-based work, especially for women in sectors like textile, garments and electronics.

            The natural enterprises of Indian women can be nurtured through innovations schemes of micro-finance. The government, financial institutions and private sector can join hands to create women entrepreneurs.

CRITICISM:

1. Many of us agitate to ban cow and buffalo slaughter, but remain insensitive to the increasing rate of female feticide in some of the states.
2. Women to do not educate, because the work in there, homes and kitchens.
3. Many organizations do not have any sexual harassment policy in place and distressed women have no place to turn to.
4. Most of the families do not equal chances to the son and daughter.
5. Most of the women to unawareness to the society.
6. Though 48 percent of Indians are women, they are disadvantages in every way-in term of literacy, labor participations and earnings.
7. Those are un favorable family background, lack of education, dual role of women, lack of aptitudes, and training, absence of individualistic sprit, lack of freedom to choose a job according to ability, influence of sex, caste, kinship custom and family burden etc.
8. In her childhood, she relies on her parents are elder members of family, in her adulthood she relies on her husband and in laws and again in her old age she depends on her husband and sons.
9. The male superiority ego, complex create barrier in the pathway of success.

10.  More ever, wherever necessary bookish knowledge she gathers is not sufficient to meet the various problems in the business field.

However in India Women enjoy the following five rights that men do not:

1)      I-T exemption of Rs.35,000

2)      flexi-timing

3)      Tele-commuting

4)      Extended Maternity leave

5)      Day-care centers.

             These companies employee the highest percentage of women in India:

1)      HSBC-33%

                 Makes a conscious attempt to build a strong female executive pipeline by effectively using the graduate campus trainee programme and building database of successful female candidates in the industry at all levels.

2)      ACCENTURE-30%

         More women @ Accenture: A metrics based recruitment process for hiring women, a referral programme for women and special recruitment drives at women-only colleges.

3)      SAPIENT-27%

          A role model programme for women highlights the achievement of senior women managers and showcases the absences of a glass ceiling.

4)      HDFC-25%

5)      INFOSYS-24%

6)      WIPRO-21%

        THE TOPEST WOMEN IN A MAN’S WORLD:

1)      Naina Lakidwai, VC & MD, HSBC Securities

2)      Sangita Taiwar, ED, TATA Tea.

3)      Kavita Hurry, MD & CEO, ING Vysya Mutual funds.

4)      Ashu Suyash, Head of Business, Fidelity Fund Management.

5)      Renuka Ramnath, MD& CEO, ICICI Venture Funds.

6)      Lalita Gupte, Joint MD, ICICI Bank.

7)      Renu Karnad, ED, HDFC.

8)      Kalpana Morparia, Deputy MD, ICICI Bank.

9)      Rama Biya Purkar, Strategic Marketing Consultant & Non-ED, Infosys.

      SUGGESTIONS:

1)      The women entrepreneur development is important for accelerating industrialization in India.

2)      If we can really bring out a balanced society with equal opportunities to both men and women

3)      Boys needed to be made aware that household and child-rearing responsibilities need to be equally shared between a husband and wife.

4)      The government has been pampering organize labor and, by and large, neglecting the unorganized sectors.

5)      Dynamic frame work of regulations so that the vast majority of our women workers get justice and social security.

6)      to avoid sexual harassment policies should be clearly stated and implemented

7)      Every family owned business need to an equal chance to their daughters.

1.                      (Eg.)   “Mukherjee & Sons” and

                                “Pastronjee & Sons” but also

                                “Mukherjee & Daughters” and

                    “Pastronjee & Daughters”

                The government must lead the way and corporate NGO’s and educational institutions should join in to support and work for change. Real change will come when our women are treated on par with men and given equal opportunities. Indian will be able to harness its women power and emerge as a respected nation.

REFERENCES:

        Magazines

1)      Entrepreneurship development in India- by Sami Uiddin.

2)      Business Today

3)      Management Research