Mireille Godefroy est autheur technique et se spécialise dans le domaine des télécommunications et de la synchronisation du temps pour le développement des serveurs de temps dédiés. Pour des informations supplémentaires, consultez-nous sur serveur de temps serveur ntp
Développé par l’homme, l’instrument de mesure de temps le plus précis est l’horloge atomique. L’horloge atomique des temps modernes est tellement précise qu’on ne perd pas une seule seconde tous les 100 millions d’années.
Cette précision signifie que ce sont des références de temps idéales pour un serveur NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP est un protocole utilisé dans le monde entier pour synchroniser les réseaux informatiques sur l’internet d’un réseau local (LAN).
L’article explique comment synchroniser un réseau Informatique en utilisant NTP sur une horloge atomique.
Les horloges atomiques sont tellement précises qu’une mesure de temps universelle a été développée : elle s’appelle l’UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). Celle-ci est basée sur le temps donné par les horloges atomiques. L’UTC est utilisé globalement, et cette mesure est la même dans le monde entier ce qui permet aux différents réseaux informatiques d’être synchronisés sur la même heure.
Malheureusement, les horloges atomiques sont très onéreuses, très fragiles et assez volumineuses ce qui explique pourquoi on ne les trouve que dans les laboratoires de physique de taille importante ou dans les pièces très techniques d’équipements tels que les satellites.
Heureusement, un serveur NTP dédié peut se synchroniser sur l’heure UTC en utilisant une horloge atomique comme référence de temps soit avec l’heure nationale, par des transmissions de fréquence ou avec le réseau GPS (Global Positioning System).
Au plan national, de nombreux laboratoires de physique tels que NPL au Royaume-Uni, NPL en Allemagne et NIST aux USA, transmettent une référence de temps en UTC sur des transmissions radio à longues ondes. Ces signaux sont reçus par un serveur NTP grâce à un récepteur radio. Malheureusement, les transmissions par radio ne sont pas transmises par tous les pays et les transmissions sont en nombre limité.
Heureusement, la constellation des satellites qui constitue le réseau GPS des USA ont tous des horloges atomiques qui sont à bord. Ce signal est utilisé par les récepteurs de la navigation par satellite pour trouver leur positionnement mais il peut également être utilisé comme source de temps par un serveur NTP avec le GPS.
En utilisant soit un serveur NTP référencé ou un serveur de temps GPS, il est possible de synchroniser jusqu’à quelques millisecondes près par rapport à l’UTC.
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