Landlords Rejoice! The Bankruptcy Code Loves You

"In the wake of the recent and very substantial changes to the nation's bankruptcy laws, the most significant beneficiaries are likely to be commercial landlords." So says Warren R. Graham, a bankruptcy lawyer with 25 years of experience, much of it representing both landlords and tenants in large Chapter 11 reorganizations.

"Most of the public attention, in the enactment of the new law, has been paid to consumer matters and credit card debt, given that the prime movers for the new legislation were consumer credit issuers," says Graham. "But many changes have been made in the area of business bankruptcies, which are profound, and which have received virtually no reportage." Much of this did not seem so important since the new law took effect in October, 2005, in the midst of a vibrant economy and explosive real estate market. "But," Graham argues, "with the potential confluence of a weakening economy and softer real estate values, the prospect for commercial lease dispositions in bankruptcy cases is likely to increase dramatically, and soon."

The new law gives a commercial tenant in bankruptcy 120 days, with a possible one-time 90 additional days, to 'assume' or 'reject' its lease. After that, unless the landlord consents, the lease reverts to the landlord. "Under prior law," said Graham, "landlords could get stuck for many months, or even years, as debtors marketed valuable leases for the benefit of their creditors, often at the expense and risk of the landlords. The uncertainty occasioned by being held 'in legal limbo' created problems for landlords wishing to sell their properties, refinance, or even, in the case of shopping centers, lease adjoining space, because of 'cross-default' and 'use-clause' provisions." This is a particularly important phenomenon in large retail Chapter 11 cases, in which hundreds, or even thousands of leases may be implicated, and the values realized by their sales often determine the success or failure of the reorganization effort.

Graham's own experience, in fact, includes the representation of one shopping center landlord, whose single lease was marketed out of three separate bankruptcies: W.T Grant, Caldor and Ames Department Stores.

According to Graham, the consensus among bankruptcy professionals is that the jury is still very much out on the benefits of the new law for issuers of consumer credit. It has, in fact, been argued that, even as those entities lobbied hard for the changes in the law, the likelihood is that their recoveries will not be materially enhanced by them. "But there is little doubt," Graham claims, "that landlords will benefit greatly by being able to rely on a swift and certain disposition of their property interests in Chapter 11 Cases. Next year's Christmas season may come earlier for retail landlords than for their retail tenants. And the role of Santa Claus may be played by the United States Congress, with bankruptcy lawyers in the supporting roles of his elves."