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Over 2000 Years of Lottery Industry. Part1
Author: Tanya N.  | Posted: 21-04-2007 | Comments: 0 | Views: 11 | Rating: (50)  (?) 
It is an opinion generally held that the word “lottery” originated from the assonant Italian word “lotto”, which means “fate”. Anyhow, for many centuries the lottery was decisive for fates not only of particular persons, but the cities, nations and countries.
100 B.C. the Chinese dynasty Han created a game of keno which is an ancestor of the future lotteries. The money obtained from the game were used for construction of the Great Wall of China. So, we should be grateful for such significant historical site to the first lottery.
In the Old Testament the God gives instructions to Moises on how to count the children of Israel and share the land among them by drawing. In the antique times in the ancient Rome, the emperor held lotteries for plebeians as a festive entertainment. The tickets were given for free, and the owners of lucky flimsies were given prizes.
In 1446 the widow of Flemish artist Jan Van Eyck managed to find the worthy owners for the husband’s pictures using the first legal European lottery. This historical fact was a start of the official history of the lottery.
In 1465 a series of lotteries was held in Belgium, the obtained money was spent for construction of the chapels, channels and docking facilities.
In 1515 the lottery was used in the Italian city of Genoa for election to the local authorities. The drawing was held in due form. Only five people had to be selected from 90 candidates. The names of those who wanted to become the elects were written on the sheets of paper. Then thoroughly stirring the hopper, 5 sheets were taken out. The lottery was developing and turned into a gamble, the names were changed into the numbers and such lottery principle became very popular and spread all over Europe.
In 1530 in Italy a large-scale lottery De Lotto de Firenze was held, it was the first lottery when the winners received money prizes.
In 1539 the King of France , Francis I allowed holding the lottery for purpose of the treasury reimbursement. Lottery wheels were set in Paris, Lion, Strasbourg, Lille and Bordo and people were drawing out the tickets from it.
In 1567 English Queen, Elisabeth I ratified holding the first state lottery in the country. 400.000 tickets were meant for sale. The winners were promised a reward in the form of money, tapestry and gold. The aim of the lottery was to collect funds for repair of south English docks and harbors, the money was also applied for other social needs. Those who lost and wasted quite a lot of money for participating in the featured innovations, soon after that mutinied.
In 1612 English King James I in accordance with the king’s decree founded lottery in London. The money was aimed to provide the first British colony in America–Jamestown, Virginia. Colonists annually received about 8.000 pounds from lottery.
In 1627 there was held a lottery for obtaining the money for the construction of London aqueduct.
In the second half of 17 century 17 the King of France, Ludwig XIV, known from school text books as “King-Sun» managed to grab the major prize of the lottery which amounted to 100 thousand francs. The second and the third prizes were given to his spouse and heir to the throne. The grandees were outraged by such set of circumstances and to avoid bad fame, the king returned the prizes, that were distributed among other players.
In 1700-s many politicians – applied lotteries for their own interests Benjamin Franklin – the preacher of the Enlightenment, used lottery as a fund of the Revolution. Arms and provisions were bought for the rebels.
John Henkok held a lottery for restoration of the historical monument of Faneuil Hall in Boston.
George Washington used the money collected by the lottery for construction of Mountain Road, which allowed state of Virginia develop in Western Orientation in future.
Thomas Jefferson who became history due to his originality, as one of the most active and popular presidents of the USA, by the end of his days had debts in the sum of $80.000. Using the lottery he could sell his property and pay the debts.
In 1726 a state lottery appeared in the Netherlands which is still acting. It may be called one of the oldest lotteries.
In 1753 the lottery assisted to found the British Museum.
In 1759 on Casanova’s request, Louie XV created Loterie Royale of the Military School in France. After its appearance all other lotteries were deemed illegal. The money obtained from it was applied for discharging the debts of the country. For the first time there appeared a state monopoly for the lottery. Loterie Royale was an ancestor of the Loterie Nationale. It is based on the principle of keno. The players could select 1 to 5 numbers from 90 and put stakes on them.
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