Cash Flow, Define a Revenue

Cash flow is a term usually used to define a revenue of expense stream that changes an account over time, or the general amount of cash received and used by a company during a specific period. Cash flows are essential to solvency and can be a record of past events or events expected to happen in the future. It is essential to an entity’s survival as it determines whether or not there is sufficient cash to pay off creditors. Cash flow is not the same as taxable income as many things can be subtracted from cash flow such as loan income, depreciation, and amortization deductions and things can be added to it such as retired loans and long-term assets.

Cash flow is a generic term used to describe different ideas depending on the context. In accounting, for example, there is the statement of cash flows which is used to determine a company’s ability to invest further cash into creating a profit. This statement is different from an income statement as it is only concerned with actual cash on hand and not cash owed. Cash flow is derived from three major sources: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Operating activities include cash used during the regular course of business. Investment activities include cash used or earned from investments or acquisitions. Financing activities involves cash used or earned from financing, Loans, stock, or dividends.

The Cash flow statement is one of the four main statements a company produces for accounting purposes. There are many reasons for measuring cash flow such as: to evaluate the state a business is in, to determine if there are any liquidity problems, to project a rate of returns, and to measure the income or growth of a business.

Cash flow matching is when a company or person matches their cash inflows to their cash outflows. It is an effective but impractical method of doing away with interest rate risk. If an investment has a positive cash flow its market value will increase or decrease inversely with the spot interest rate of maturity. An investment is matched when every cash outflow is equal to every cash inflow on the same date and vice versa.

Whenever cash flow is mentioned in the media, what is being referred to is often operating cash flow and this can cause a misleading view of the figures as investment activities and financing activities aren’t’ accounted for. Businesses can often reclassify financial and investment activities as operating activities in order to provide a more positive outlook of their figures. This can be done by: selling receivable for cash, not paying vendors for a couple weeks after period end, buying leased equipment, etc.

As you can see, cash flow is a complex subject and the term cash flow covers many different subjects. The term’s meaning is relative depending on the specific context surrounding it when it’s brought up. Its general meaning regardless of subject concerns on hand cash paid and earned during a specific period.