Various Ways to Diagnose Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma can be difficult to diagnose because the disease is rare, the symptoms are so similar to those of other diseases, and symptoms may not surface for many years following asbestos exposure. For all of these reasons, other options for diagnosis are usually considered first. However, mesothelioma can be diagnosed by using the following tests:

• A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis and determine the existence of cancerous tissue.

• CT Scan (computerized tomography), also called a CAT scan, is an advanced type of x-ray providing very detailed pictures of the tissue involved, its location, and its size.

• PET Scan (positron emission tomography) involves a small amount of radioactive substance (usually glucose) injected into a vein. A scanner takes detailed pictures of areas within the body where the radioactive substance is present. Radioactive glucose makes it possible to locate and identify cancer cells, since cancer cells utilize more glucose than normal cells.

• Bronchoscopy involves a tube being inserted into the patient’s throat to examine the lungs, trachea, and air passages for signs of mesothelioma.

• Thoracoscopy involves an incision being in the chest wall, viewing the chest cavity with a ‘thoracoscope’ for evidence of pleural malignant mesothelioma.

• Thoracentesis. Fluid that accumulates in the lungs as a result of Mesothelioma is extracted from the chest with a needle. This sample is tested to confirm the presence of cancer.

• Fluoroscopy. X-rays are continually taken of the body and projected onto a small screen, allowing the physician to view the body’s internal tissue. Small pieces of tissue are removed and sent to the lab for analysis.

• Mediastinoscopy test examines the center of the chest. It contains the heart, lymph nodes, and blood vessels. This procedure does require anesthesia and a stay in the hospital—usually only for one night.

Many other tests can potentially detect mesothelioma within the body. Though diagnosis can be difficult, appropriate tests and a thorough examination, medical history and investigation into the patient’s exposure to asbestos can render an accurate diagnosis.

As with any disease, early diagnosis ensures the best prognosis. Any type of mesothelioma that remains undiagnosed can become not only painful, but fatal. In addition, specific types of this disease can spread to other areas of the body, causing grave complications.