Dimensions of Time

Dimensions of Time

A theory by Dennis Huff (2/1/2008)

Introduction

Before I begin I feel I must first explain why I have labeled this a theory rather than a hypothesis. This is because I am sure that enough evidence exists to prove my hypothesis. A large part of this evidence comes from recent experiments using clocks on earth vs above the earth. I also believe that my arguments are logically sound, and that a reasonable human being would consider it possible rather than dismissing it outright. It is within the logical framework of this paper that my theory of time will find its way into the minds of its readers. "Scientific facts could not exist without first considering the possibilities".

Theory of Time

We view our world based on three distinct planes which are; 1) The line, 2) The plane, and 3) The 3 dimensional object or the third dimension. The fourth dimension has been overwhelmingly and conveniently lumped into one category, that of the fourth dimension; known as time. I maintain that time is not the fourth dimension. Time is only a measuring device, a concept for us to measure the motion of an object. Well, I say motion and time are more related than we think.

I know that there are many who would point to certain perceived events in science as proof that time truly exists as a physical thing. Perhaps none more importantly than the perceived differences between a clock on earth and a clock in space. The belief is that two clocks set to exactly the same time will not read the same time once one of the two clocks is placed in orbit above the earth. The clock above the earth runs slower than the clock back on earth and therefor; it is assumed that we are seeing a physical manifestation of time. Evidence that time exists as a thing rather than a concept. I can understand how that conclusion could be made. Another experiment took place where an atomic clock on a jet was synchronized to another atomic clock back on the ground. As the jet flew through the sky, the atomic clock on board appeared to slow down the faster the jet went. As if time itself slows down the faster you go. It is true that the clock does slow, and it is also true that a clock in space also displays a discrepancy in time. I wonder what a clock on Jupiter would read? My point is that outside forces are responsible for these differences and not the proof of "Time Dilation".

It is true that these time instruments do show a discrepancy, but did we not learn anything from Albert Einstein? He was most deffinately correct about relativity, of this I am sure. That being said, he did suffer from the same concept of time that an overwhelming majority of people seem to share. I point to one of the more famous explanations of Einstein's concept of time. If a subject is standing near a clock and then suddenly accelerates away from the clock at a tremendous speed, he or she would perceive time as standing still. Now, this concept logically seems to make sense, many things do that turn out not to be true. At the same time history is full of instances where a thought that appeared to be anything but true, turned out to be scientific fact. Einstein was a brilliant man and I take nothing away from his major contributions to science. I would have liked to have asked Einstein this one question,"If a blind man standing near a clock were to accelerate away from that clock, what would he perceive"? His eyes would not tell him anything. My point is that perceptions can sometimes be mistaken. Relativity itself proves this. The fallacy can occur with logic as well. If I were to fly towards the sun at 20,000 miles per second, would I not be traveling back in time" Since it takes light from the sun roughly 8 minutes to reach the earth, I would be traveling back in time. Clearly not, but my point is this; we must utilize a combination of perception, conception, and testing in order to gain a clear picture of reality. Visual evidence can be misleading; just ask any good magician.

The discrepancy between the clocks in the two examples I described before do occur but for different reasons. Gravity on the earth effects the clock on the earth differently relative to the clock that is experiencing less gravity in orbit around the earth. The atmosphere of the earth also has an effect on the clock left on earth relative to a clock in orbit above the earth. What about the jet? In the case of the jet we have gravity, inertia, as well as the atmosphere exerting an influence over the clock. The stationary clock on the ground is not experiencing inertial forces. It is experiencing slightly more gravity and atmospheric pressure. What I am saying is that, "It does not matter whether you synchronize the clocks, use atomic clocks, or any other kind of clock. The fact of the matter is that both instruments are undergoing different degrees of forces acting upon them and therefore; will cause each clock to run at different rates. Even an atomic clock would not be sheltered from these outside influences. This is the concept that exists at the very heart of relativity. It often leaves me wondering this; if you stood two synchronized clocks side by side, would they eventually read differently if given millions or even billions of years. This notion would have to take into account that the environment around the two time pieces would have to remain constant and unchanging during that entire event? Unfortunately there would be no way to test this, because we would never be able to set up such a controlled experiment; while having the experiment remain unaffected for the necessary amount of time. I also often wonder what would happen to two clocks occupying the same place at the same exact time? Do not confuse this with the same matter occupying the same space at the same time. What I mean is two clocks made of the same material, but different matter somehow occupying the same space at the same time. Both of these clocks would then read the same forever if they are in sync, because they will exist under the exact same conditions. Of course now we would have to somehow shelter each time piece from influencing each other and even if we could manage to do that the time pieces would still read differently over time simply based on the different events occurring between the matter contained within each clock. This includes minute and undetectable design flaws, minute differences, etc.

I cannot say what exactly leads to the discrepancy between time pieces in Einstein's theory of "Time Dilation". Perhaps it is due to compression. As the clock accelerates, the material of the clock compresses and causes it to slow. The faster it goes the slower it gets. The same goes for atomic clocks. I doubt they are immune to inertial forces, lower gravity, etc. The point is that a time piece is designed to keep track of time on Earth. We use it to measure events and usually those events are being measured from Earth with the clock remaining on Earth. Once you start subjecting that time piece to forces that it is not normally subjected to then we cannot expect it to keep the same time as another time piece, that is at rest on the face of the Earth. We can also assume that time pieces of similar mass will behave in similar ways under similar circumstances, giving rise to the illusion of "Time Dilation". What I am saying, is that the reasons attributed to the perceived events has lead to the wrong conclusions. You can run the test over and over as many times as you like and you will end up with the same results. The experiment is reproducible, with the same outcome every time. This is what being scientifically proven is all about. Most of the time it remains true. The experiment must be testable, repeatable, and have the same results to prove a scientific fact. In this instance, however; we have come to the wrong conclusions. Time Dialition is nothing more than forces acting on matter that results in a slower clock. It is also important to note that clocks are a tool for measuring events on the earth. Once you remove them from the environment they are created to work in then the accuracy of the time piece is left in doubt. The end results of each experiment appear to be the same, because the circumstances with which the experiments are conducted are relatively the same. The same forces on board a jet will be relatively the same, with any changes remaining undetectable. In the case of the atomic clock, it is so precise that we could never detect a difference unless the conditions were as different as Pluto and mars. On earth clocks are influenced by the same forces, in space, etc. etc. Any differences on influences at the molecular level remaining undetectable and therefor unnoticed.

What I propose, is that it is not a matter of time dilation; since time is not an actual thing. As I said before, it is a ruler for measuring events. If an object were to accelerate towards the speed of light, time does not slow down. The event in which that object is experiencing is happening more quickly relative to other events. Just as a car traveling at 20 mph will take longer to get from point A to point B, than a car traveling at 100 mph. The faster car will get there first. They arrive at their destination at 10:00 am and wait. It is still 10:00 am in the slower car, they just happen to still be driving to point B. Time was not affected, because time is not a thing. It is not tangible, and there is no time particle or wave.

As an object approaches the speed of light it is believed that it will be shredded into pure energy when it reaches peak velocity. I certainly would want to be 100% sure of what would happen before I undertook that experiment. If this object traveled at a speed that allowed it to remain intact, from the earth to the next star and back; what would happen? Lets say the object was traveling at 125,000 miles per second. This means that the object would travel that distance each second. Let's say the object we are traveling to is 1 trillion miles away. So we divide 1 trillion miles by 125,000 miles and we get an answerer of:

8,000,000 seconds. 8,000,000 seconds = 133,333.33...minutes = 2,222.22...hours =

92.592... days = How long they will be gone according to earth time. I am sitting on Earth with a stop watch; waiting patiently for their return. This of course will take another 92.592... days. Round trip they will be gone for 185.185...days before they return to earth. After which time I will ask,"What took them sooooooooo long"?!

Now I know that many who read this may disagree. The common accepted result would be that time would seem to stop for that person, while time back on earth would go soooooooo much faster. Years will have gone by when they return and they will perceive only being gone for the 185 days. This is just not so. Just as a person traveling on a jet from Maine to Florida will get there quicker, than someone driving to Florida from Maine in a car. They will both perceive the passage of time exactly the same. Five hours EST is five hours EST. This is because we have based our units of time measurement on the Earth's motions. The Earth takes 24 hours to make one revolution, because that is simply how we broke down that event. We could have just as easily broken it up into some other number or unit, rounded if necessary, and then break that scale up into further appropriate units. The fact is that we chose 24 hrs. and it is all we know. Its no different than the millions of people, whom belong to a certain religion; simply based upon where they were born, and who they were born to. Methods and conceptions are passed down from one generation to the next and suddenly the Earth is no longer flat.

The fact remains that, based on the motion of the Earth, our fictional ship will take 185 days to make a round trip; and they will have been gone for 185 days here on earth as well. It does not matter what a clock on that ship says. It is undergoing influences outside of the Earth's influence. The clock on Earth works accurately, because it was built to keep time on our planet. If we take this same clock off of this planet, then it is no longer an effective tool. That is, unless it is calibrated to work appropriately in its new environment. We can take a clock to mars and use it to keep track of time on Mars, but that time will be based on Earth time, and not Mars time. We will measure the motions of Mars in Earth units. The same is true of anywhere else out in space. Unless there is an exact twin of the Earth out there; one where the gravity, atmospheric pressure, revolution, travel around its star, and so forth is the same; then our "earth based event instrument" (clock) is useless. Either any time we keep track of with it will be based on earth time units, or the clock will not function properly depending on the environment and the forces acting upon it. We can; however, calibrate our earth instrument to handle a new environment. We can also take those earth based units, time our subject, and then present that information in earth time. A day on mars would be represented as taking 1 hr 37 min ETU (Earth Time Units)

Everything in the universe, relative to earth time, takes the same exact amount of time. One event may take place faster than another event, but it takes the same amount of time relative to the events around it. If humanity evolved on some other planet then it is highly likely that our whole system of time keeping would be completely different. Time on this new planet would be based upon that planets motions around its star. Or perhaps our time units would be based on something else entirely. If there is intelligent life out there in the universe, then it is going to be really interesting to hear their concepts, and methods of time keeping. This is assuming that we will even be able to understand their method of time keeping. If we can then it will simply be a matter of figuring out the unit to unit ratios. One earth year would equal some unit of their time keeping method and so forth. This would also work in reverse. They would convert our ETUs into their own units of time.

I have tried my best to convey my conception of time up to this point. Once you have a clear grasp of the logic of time, then my theory of time, will become perfectly clear.

Consider this:

If we view our world in 3 dimensions, why can we not then view time in the same manner. Let us build a simple model of the reality we live in. First, I maintain that the fourth dimension, that of time, also contains dimensions that need to be considered for us to have a true grasp on the concept of what time really and truly is. Consider a void where nothing exists. No matter what so ever. No motion, no atoms, absolutely and completely nothing. Now consider that a line miraculously comes into existence. This line represents the first dimension. The line then evolves, for the sake of analogy, into a planar circle. Ta dah! Now comes the age of the second dimension. Now imagine that this circular plane expands into the third dimension and becomes what is known as a sphere. Now, keep in mind that up until this moment time does not exist. Time involves motion and nothing has moved, up until this point. The object has evolved through the known and accepted 3 dimensions, but it remains in the same place. It cannot be cut up into smaller parts, this is the smallest singular object in a universe of nothingness. So, where does time come in? At the very moment that I asked that question the sphere began to move forward through nothingness on a straight path. The very instant that this sphere began to move forward the fourth dimension of time was born into existence. This is the first motion of time.

Let us label the dimensions we have so far to paint a clear picture.

Dimensions

1) The first dimension = the line
2) The second dimension = the circular plane
3) The third dimension = the sphere
4) The fourth dimension = motion of the sphere in one direction

Now, I know energy must be applied to the sphere to put it into motion so in reality two dimensions of time are born into existence according to my theory and I will explain what I mean by that shortly.

This sphere traveling on this straight line would need energy, some outside acting force to send it in motion, but we are assuming it just began to move forward of its own free will. Now let us consider that this sphere suddenly begins to spin as it moves forward. At this point we have the existence of the fifth dimension.

5) The fifth dimension = motion forward + motion of spin

Now let us consider that this sphere, which is moving forward and spinning, develops a wobble. At this instance the sixth dimension of time has come into existence.

6) The sixth dimension = motion forward + motion of spin + motion of wobble

Finally we will consider the motion of the pulse. As this sphere moves forward, spins, and wobbles, it also begins to pulse. Expanding outward and inward at an indeterminate rate. We really don't need to know the rate, we only need to consider the fact that it is pulsing.

7) The seventh dimension = motion forward + motion of spin + motion of wobble + motion of pulse

When considering all of this we can conclude that time is, in reality, composed of four dimensions of time. So, what we have are the dimensions of the object composed of 3 dimensions and we have the dimension of time composed of four dimensions of time. There are two parent categories contain sub categories as follows;

Dimensions of Object: The line, the plane, and the object of the third dimension...which is determined by plane...which is determined by the line.

Dimensions of Time: The motion forward, the spin, the wobble, and the pulse.

I want to mention a few more things about the four dimensions of time. First, I have only listed four, because I cannot conceive of any more motions that one object can have without tearing itself apart. Second, once we understand these four dimensions of time, and if they are the only dimensions of time, we may discover what lies beyond these dimensions. It is important to not that the pulse may come first. The second energy is applied to the sphere, that energy moves from the back to the front of the object. This wave of energy that propagates through the sphere causes the back end to initially be moving faster than the front. This will cause the sphere to begin its spin motion. At the same time, this object is also pulsing as the energy begins to reverberate through the object. This could also lead to the wobble as well. So, in reality, all four dimensions of time can all occur at relatively the same instant.

Now, where can we find examples of this in our reality that would lend credence to the theory I have put forth. Well, we can look to the largest objects in the universe. Stars being the largest and the planets that revolve around those stars. We will start close to home. The earth is a 3 dimensional sphere. It is not a perfect sphere but it is a sphere none the less. Let us look at the motion of the earth. It is moving in a line, one direction, around the sun and accounts for our year. As it does so it also is spinning, which accounts for our days. The earth also does wobble, over a span of a few hundred years I believe...you might want to check the time but i assure you that it does wobble. The remaining question is; "Does the earth pulse?" It might, I do not know if anyone has ever looked into that. I am sure that it may be possible, especially when you consider the earth has a liquid outer core. We can look to many of the planets out there and find the same motions. Whether they are more common or not, I do not know. It may be natural for these motions of time to all be found emanating from one object, but gravitational forces from other celestial bodies may change these motions in certain ways. This question needs more consideration.

The sun spins, it is moving in a straight line as a part of the milky way. I do not know if it wobbles or pulses. My point is that many of the celestial bodies abide by these dimensional paths i have laid out. Our own galaxy is moving in a straight line. Does it rotate? It does and that is why it is classified as a spiral galaxy. Does it wobble and pulse? I wouldn't even dare to say. For that we would need to study the motions of other galaxies like our own. Then we have to consider that on that scale, can we observe those motions that may take hundreds of thousands or even millions of years? Clearly there are questions to be asked.

I would like to point out that these motions only apply to matter. I have yet to consider energy, but these dimensions of time I have described thus far give us the understanding necessary to consider energy events. Perhaps the 8th dimension is an energy dimension that is based on the standing wave. The 9th dimension entails a second wave at a right angle to the first (light wave). Could this light wave rotate? Yes, I believe it can. Can it pulsate? Again, yes it can. This would have to entail a fluctuation in wave length. Can it also wobble as well? Funky, but if light is bent passing by an intense gravitational field then perhaps other forces could cause a wave to wobble as well. This of course would lead us to three more time dimensions. Perhaps the standing wave represents the first dimension of energy, with the second right angle wave being the second dimension of energy. Just as solid matter has dimensions with no motion then could a wave? No, because a wave is only a wave if in motion. I would even go so far as to wonder whether or not we need to consider energy evolving into matter? For a vision of this we can look at string theory and the concept of strings. Perhaps light can evolve into a sub particle, which leads to the proton, neutron, electron, which leads to elements, and so forth. In this case we would have to consider the first five dimensions as energy dimensions which then lead to the next three physical dimensions. I would break this up into groupings of energy dimensions/ energy time dimensions, physical dimensions, and finally physical time dimensions. This would lead us to the reality we know today.

This theory does not exclude the possibility of traveling moving back and forth through different states of the universe (Time Travel). It may be as simple as calculating where the earth was at some exact point in space and then tearing a hole between there and the point in space in which the earth is now. Perhaps if we travel faster than the earth around the sun in the opposite direction we would go back in time. It does not work that way, but logically it would make sense. The key factor here may be the dimensions of time. It is not just enough to orbit the sun in the opposite direction faster than the earth. We also have to take into account the revolution of the earth, wobble, etc. This would lead one to the conclusion that in order to "Time Travel" you would have to figure out a way to account for all the motions of time relative to the two points you wish to travel between. The same would hold true for moving ahead to future events. Yes, I said future. The past, present, and future are simply concepts that we use to grasp events that have taken place, events happening now, and events that could possibly occur in the future. We would then have to assume that either all events that ever will occur have occurred, or the traveler creates the future up to the exact point they visit. Somehow they would skip over all of the events in between and appear at a specified point in a future present. In this process you would have to calculate the position of the earth at some point in the future based upon current rates of earth events. This would be like forecasting and the further you go the less accurate the destination. If you calculated for 10 earth trips around the sun, that would be more accurate than say 10,000 earth trips around the sun. This would be true for both future travel possibilities. In reality the only thing that truly exists is the present. Every event taking place is constantly occurring in the present. I am writing this now, still now, now, now, still hasn't changed. We live in the present which is a universe where things are in motion and interacting. We make sense of this with the concept of Time and a past, present, and future. I am not stating that this sort of travel is possible, only that it may be possible.

Conclusion

I have brought you all as far as I have come with my considerations. However; I believe in this theory that I have presented to the readers. I believe in it 100%. I feel I have laid out a road map for the rest of the scientific community and even humanity to consider. We do not simply have 3 separate dimensions, and then one fourth dimension of time. In order to truly understand the universe we live in, we must come to the realization that time is composed of dimensions as well. The dimensions of motion. Once and hopefully when this theory is embraced, it may open up a new understanding of the reality we exist in. This theory is about "Events" and not about the tools, or methods we use to measure those events.

C 3/31/2008 by Dennis James Huff