ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENTS

islamic golden age scientific establishments

by prof dr,drmed.vet ghulam mohyuddin wani

MORDERN LIBRARY SYSTEM

  The invention of paper was the fist gift of the muslim civilization and culture to the world.The first book published in this world  was under the golden muslim rule.The mordern refernce and library system started with the muslim scholars assembling and arranging the saying of Hazrate Mohammad[SAW].The sayings commonly called as AH HADIS were athenticated and proved through literrray and physical surveys.This was infact the atsrt of research and investigation in the art of science and literature in this mordern world.some authore say that the European Renaisance was an imitation of the muslim culture and educational systems ,some qoutes in the literature are as,

"OF the advances in science, literature, and trade which took place during the Golden Age of the 'Abbasids and which would provide the impetus for the European Renaissance reached their flowering during the caliphate of al-Mamun"The futher evidences have been quoted in literature by the historians as

'Abbasids preserved and improved the ancient network of wells Muslim scholars also made important and original contributions to, underground canals, and waterwheels, introduced new breeds of livestock, hastened the spread of cotton, and, from the Chinese, learned the art of making paper, a key to the revival of learning in Europe in thThe Golden Age also, little by little, transformed the diet of medieval Europe by introducing such plants as plums"These narrations clearly depict that the mordern world irrigation system ,book printing and agriculture are the inventions of the muslims during their spectecular age of developmnet.Thus Islam came as a system of scinece and culture intermixed,how come it is regarded as a religion of supression of women and culture.

Islamic history has the distinction of coming to the world scene to recognize existence of women and the survival of girl child.The first women murderd by the kaffirs of macca was none else than a women who had escaped live burrial as his father could not dare to burry her thisrd girl child one after the other and left home in shame but did not kill her girl,This women became the first shaheed in the muslim world and prepatuated islam and peace.

 MODERN ADMINISTRATION AND BUREAUCRACY

The much cursed bureaucracy and administrative manuplations are also ascribed to the muslim era of their golden age,herein under we reproduce the web writings of famous scholars on the establishmnet of administrative refomrs by muslims in the world.The trucks and suljuks were the first rulers of this world who introduced adminstration and ways of recoding the proceedings of the state.Awell net translaters and libraries were installed.Arabis and persian came to be recognized as the official language of the muslim sdministrative set ups.This remianed as the poten system of governence and land record system in far east china and indian states too.

we in In dia have still the old pashkars and munshies as well known arabic and persian script writers.Following is the extracts from some web writtings of the historian of those times to prove our point

Turkish mode of administration

" Turkish generals had gained considerable, decisive, power in Mesopotamia and Egypt during the tenth and eleventh centuries. The coming of the Seljuks signaled the first large-scale penetration of the Turkish elements into the Middle East. Descended from a tribal chief named Seljuk, whose homeland lay beyond the Oxus River near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks not only developed a highly effective fighting force but also, through their close contacts with Persian court life in Khorasan and Transoxania, attracted a body of able administrators. Extending from Central Asia to the Byzantine marches in Asia Minor, the Seljuk state under its first three sultans- Tughril Beg, Alp-Arslan, and Malikshah- established a highly cohesive, well-administered Sunni state under the nominal authority of the 'Abbasid caliphs at Baghdad.

NIZAM -AL-MULK.

These administraters came to be known as nizamul mulk that those who manage the country,thus by this analogy the today bussiness administration has its roots in Islam culture and educational systems.

One of the administrators, the Persian Nizam-al-Mulk, became one of the greatest statesmen of medieval Islam. For twenty years, especially during the rule of Sultan Malikshah, he was the true custodian of the Seljuk state. In addition to having administrative abilities, he was an accomplished stylist whose book on statecraft, Siyasat-Namah, is a valuable source for the political thought of the time. In it he stresses the responsibilities of the ruler: for example, if a man is killed because a bridge is in disrepair, it is the fault of the ruler, for he should make it his business to apprise himself of the smallest negligences of his underlings. Nizam-al-Mulk, furthermore, was a devout and orthodox Muslim who established a system of madrasahs or theological seminaries (called nizamiyah after the first element of his name) to provide students with free education in the religious sciences of Islam, as well as in the most advanced scientific and philosophical thought of the time.