Understanding the World of Champagne

With almost 300 Champagne houses producing Champagne in the Champagne region, there’s potential for a lot of bottles to be produced each year. Around 320 million to be precise! With this in mind, choosing a bottle of Champagne may sound a daunting task. But there’s no need to fear. Once you know what to look for, deciding what to buy is simple. In this article, we cover everything you could need to know about Champagne, from types and styles through to bottle sizes. So once you’ve mastered your “Brut” from your “Balthazar”, you’ll be picking out bottles of Champagne in no time.

Three grapes are used to make Champagne - Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay. Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier are black grapes, while Chardonnay is a white grape. The quantity that each grape is used varies according to the Champagne. If you come across a “Blanc de Blancs”, this is Champagne which is made exclusively from the Chardonnay grape. “Blanc de Noirs”, on the other hand, is Champagne made from the red grapes – Pinot Noir and/ or Pinot Meunier.

Champagne comes in a range of styles from very dry through to very sweet. The normal dry style is known as “Brut”. If you prefer a slightly drier than normal style, look for “Extra” or “Ultra Brut”. “Sec” is slightly sweeter than normal, “Demi Sec” is sweeter, while “Doux” is an intensely sweet and very rare style of Champagne.

The cheapest Champagne type that you’ll come across is “Non Vintage”. This refers to Champagne that is blended from wines of several years and, in doing so, this ensures that a constant style is achieved. Non-vintage Champagne is stored for at least a year before it is sold, and is considered the entry level or house style Champagne. The next level of Champagne is known as a “Vintage”. This is made from a blend wines from a particular year, when the quality of the wine is good enough to declare a vintage. In this case, the Champagne will have been stored for at least three years. A very, very special bottle produced in a vintage year, is known as a “Prestige” or “Deluxe Cuvée”. This is the producer’s top notch Champagne and usually costs more than three times more than a non-vintage and possibly double the price of a vintage Champagne. The grapes will have been hand selected and the Champagne will have been left to mature for five to seven years. Finally, if you like your Champagne with a pink tinge, go for a Rosé based Champagne.

The most common Champagne bottles that you will come across are 75 cl bottles and Magnums (1.5 litres). However, it is also possible to find Quarter (18.75 cl) and Half bottles (37.5cl), along with Jeroboam (3 litres), Rehoboam (4.5 litres), Methuselah (6 litres), Salmanazar (9 litres), Balthazar (12 litres), and Nebuchadnezzar bottles (15 litres)!

Champagne refers to the region from where it was produced. The region of Champagne is the most northerly wine region in France and the “Champenois” (the collection of Champagne producers) are fiercely protective of its heritage. A bottle of Champagne has to be produced in the Champagne region for it to bear the Champagne label. So while all Champagne is classed as sparkling wine, you will come across sparkling wine which isn’t Champagne. Spanish Cava and Italian Prosecco are good examples.